STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 457 



Nasse, there are beds more than 40 meters thick. The pebbles are 

 mostly of quartz but other rocks are represented. The shales are 

 gray to blackish, but some beds are red or green. The flora, ac- 

 cording to Weiss, cited by v. Ammon, is a " Steinkohlen flora, with 

 many Sigillaria and lycopods as well as ferns." v. Ammon states 

 that Walchia pinniformis, characteristic of the Lower Rothliegende, 

 occurs sporadically. The Schatzler beds of the Lower Silesian ba- 

 sin have a flora like that of the Lower Saarbriick. 



Within Bavaria, the Upper Saarbriick coals are mined at Frank- 

 enholz and Consolidated Nordfeld, both in the eastern portion. The 

 group is divided into Upper and Lower, the former being worked at 

 places named. Twenty-five coal seams have been discovered, of 

 which more than half yield a gas coal while the others have Flamme- 

 kohle. The screenings of each are mixed with Fettkohle in manu- 

 facture of coke. The seams show great variation within Bavaria ; 

 several, which are important at some localities, become unworkable 

 or disappear within short distances. The seams become thicker to- 

 ward the west. Kliver, cited by Dannenberg, states that at or near 

 Jaegersfreude there are 10 workable seams, 21 which are too thin 

 for working under present conditions and loi which are mere 

 streaks; in all, 132 with 32 to 33 meters of coal. Some seams are 

 from 3 to 5 meters thick, but they are broken by partings into sev- 

 eral benches. The lower division is less important, having only 3 

 or 4 workable seams, though the whole number of seams is about 40. 

 At one time it was believed that this division thinned away toward 

 the east, but this opinion has not been confirmed by the later obser- 

 vations. 



The Lower Saarbriick or Fettkohlenpartie yields coking and gas 

 coals. The number of seams and the coal content increase from 

 east to west. This division is mined in the Pfalz region within the 

 St. Ingbert and Mittelbexbach areas, where three groups of coal 

 seams exist. The upper, about 537 meters thick, has 40 seams; a 

 barren space of 63 meters separates it from the middle or Rothhell, 

 240 meters thick and containing 19 seams; at probably 300 meters 

 lower is the bottom group, discovered in a boring within the Risch- 

 bach Valley, which has 12 thin seams. The rocks of Lower Saar- 

 briick are coarse, there being much sandstone and conglomerate. 



