402 STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 



the Binnenwerke, separated by an almost barren interval of several 

 hundred feet. The relations of the lower group, the Aussenwerke, 

 cannot be determined satisfactorily owing to lack of distinct flora 

 and fauna ; it may be equivalent to the lower division of Wiirm, in 

 which a marine deposit is roof of Marie number 6. But the Binnen- 

 werke is unquestionably Saarbriickian or Upper Westphalian. 

 Forty-five coal seams have been recognized, none of them thick. In 

 the western portion of the workable seams, only 2 ever exceed i 

 meter, 5 never exceed 75 centimeters and 9 are less than 60 centi- 

 meters. The Aussenwerke seams are thin. 



The disturbance is much greater in the eastern part of this basin 

 than, in the western, but the coals are same, chemically, in both. 

 Binnenwerke coals are caking and their coke is good, but that from 

 the Aussenwerke is sintering. Five conglomerates are persistent ; 

 two of them, thick and coarse, are in the Flotzleere, above and 

 below the coal seams ; the third is just below the Aussenwerke and 

 is an important stratigraphical horizon ; the fourth is just above that 

 division and the fifth, comparatively fine-grained, underlies the 

 Padtkohl or lowest seam of the Binnenwerke. 



Belgium and Northern France. 



Some prongs of the Aachen Coal Measures reach into Belgium, 

 but exposures end quickly and a space of about 20 kilometers, cov- 

 ered by later deposits, intervenes between the last Aachen outcrop 

 and the first Belgian mines. Within Belgium, Coal Measures remain 

 in the Dinant trough, at the south, but the basins are isolated, very 

 small and without interest. At the north is the extensive Campine 

 area, continuous with that of Limbourg in Holland, but that is known 

 mainly through records of boring, as mining operations were begun 

 very recently. Actual work is confined to the great Haine-Sambre- 

 Meuse trough, which extends from the Prussian border across Bel- 

 gium into the Department du Nord of France ; it is interrupted only 

 by a narrow barren space in the Samson Valley, which divides the 

 Belgian area into the Liege basin at the east, including the Herve, 

 Liege and Andenne districts, and the Hainaut basin at the west, em- 

 bracing the Basse-Sambre, Charleroi, Centre and Couchant-de-Mons 

 districts. 



