STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 79 



the Livingston, occupies the whole interval from near the base of 

 the Pierre to the lower portion of the Fort Union.'*" 



In Teton County, on the Canadian border and near the western 

 boundary of the Cretaceous, Stebinger saw 980 feet of clay, clay 

 shales soft gray to greenish gray cross-bedded and rippled sand- 

 stones with coal seams and some lenticular limestones. Apparently, 

 the succession from Lower Cretaceous to the top of the Eocene is 

 conformable throughout. This mass, placed by Stebinger at top of 

 the Cretaceous column, is shown by tracing to be the St. Alary for- 

 mation of Dawson in Alberta. Its sandstones contain fossil wood. 

 Coal seams occur at top and near the bottom, but they are too thin 

 and uncertain to be of economic importance. The persistence of a 

 coal horizon near the base proved, as Stebinger observes, the exist- 

 ence of widespread though transient coal-forming conditions soon 

 after deposition of the great Horsethief (Fox Hills) sandstone. 

 The coal seams improve near the Canadian border.*^ 



Passing over into Canada, Dawson in southeastern Alberta 

 placed a great mass of deposits in the Laramie, but later studies have 

 made evident that only the lower division should be referred to that 

 formation. This, the St. j\Iary beds, is, at least in part, the same 

 with the Edmonton of Dowding and with the Lance in Wyoming 

 and Montana. The formation, about 2,800 feet thick, is of fresh- 

 water origin except at the base and in its upper portion has sand- 

 stones which are cross-bedded, rippled and with worm borings.'*- 

 Dowling*'^ measured about 3,000 feet on Oldman River, mostly 

 sandstone with sandy shales and some thin coals at the base. In 

 the Sheep River district, two seams were seen near the Foothills, 

 but farther east on Sheep River there is only one. Tyrrell^* studied 

 a large area in eastern Alberta between the Red Deer and North 

 Saskatchewan Rivers. At the south near Red Deer River, he saw 

 two important coal seams near the top of the formation, each about 



40 R. W. Stone, Bull. 341, pp. 82, 84; R. W. Stone and W. R. Calvert, 

 Econ. Geol, Vol. V., 1910, pp. 551-557, 652-669, 741-764. 



41 E. Stebinger, Bull. 621-K, 1916, pp. 124, 127, 128, 145. 



42 G. M. Dawson, Geol. Survey of Canada, Reps. Prog. 1882-83-84, Part 

 C, pp. 36-72. 



43 D. B. Dowling, Summ. Reps, for 1903, pp. 142-149; the same, for 

 1914, p. 47. 



44 J. B. Tyrrell, Rep. Prog, for 1886, Part E. pp. 56, 60-63, 132. 



