60 STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 



shale, with plant remains and coaled stems, 4 to 5 feet; (3) moder- 

 ately coarse sandstone, 2 to 3 feet; (4) coarse conglomerate, 2 to 

 4 feet. The dark shale of this region section contains near Skutsch, 

 12 miles farther west, a bed of worthless Pechkohle, which is rich 

 in Bernstein. Reuss, in a letter to Bey rich, stated that a mass of 

 Bernstein, several inches long and of brownish yellow color had been 

 obtained as Skutsch, which is very near the Moravian border." 



In Moravia, according to Reuss, ^^ the coaly substance, to which 

 the Lower Quader beds owe their color, is sometimes collected into 

 nests or even into beds of workable thickness. At a mine, west 

 from Mahrens-Trubau and about 50 miles southwest from Chrudim, 

 he saw a seam of thinly laminated Moorkohle [a peat-like brown 

 coal] 4 feet thick, brownish-black and containing laminae of bright 

 black Pechkohle. It slacks readily on exposure and is high in ash. 

 Grains of honey-yellow Bernstein, some as large as a pea, are scat- 

 tered through it. The roof and floor are blackish-gray shale. In 

 older mines near Utigsdorf, farther south, Reuss saw two coal 

 seams, i foot 6 inches and 3 to 4 feet thick. Coal of the upper bed 

 is brown-black, with shaly structure, rather bright fracture and 

 contains much resin. The coal of the lower bed is black, rather 

 crumbling, contains numerous layers of Faserkohle as well as many 

 lumps and half-inch layers of Pechkohle. Bernstein is less abun- 

 dant than in the upper bed. Roof and floor of both beds are dark, 

 more or less sandy. 



Coal has been mined for many years in Lower Austria, near 

 Griinbach, at a score of miles south from Vienna and near the border 

 of Hungary. The deposits are in the Gosau formation, which is 

 taken to be of Turonian or Senonian age. Czjzek^^ states that the 

 seams are all thin south from Griinbach, but become thicker north 

 from that city. The Alois tunnel, 1,200 feet long, intersects 21 

 seams of which only 3 are workable, the others being from 2 to 10 

 inches thick. The workable beds, all within vertical distance of 



^^ Reuss, Zcitsch. d. d. Geol. Gcscll, Band III., 1851, p. 13; F. v. Andrian, 

 Jahrb. k. k. Geol. Reichsanst., Vol. XIII., 1863, p. 207. 



^1 A. E. Reuss, " Beitrage zur geognostichen Kenntniss Mahrens," Jahrb. 

 k. k. Geol. Reichsanst., Vol. V., 1851, pp. 727-731. 



12 J. Czjzek, " Die Kohle in den Kreideablagerungen bei Griinbach," /a/zrii. 

 k. k. Geol. Reichsanst., Vol. II., Pt. i, p. 144, Pt. 2, pp. 107 et seq. 



