128 STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 



vertical section with other coals, some of which are of the " black " 

 type. No analysis of the Blatterkohle is given. Dunker conceives 

 that the black coal was formed from lycopods and ferns, as no re- 

 mains of other plants have been found in it; the lignite, however, 

 seems to him to be composed of conifers, cycads, lycopods and ferns. 

 The ash of the Wealden coals in Hannover, according to analyses 

 made by Saurwein and published by Zincken,"^ appears to average 

 high, for in most cases the percentage exceeds 13. 



Czjzek^^^ has described the black coal with black brown streak 

 mined near Griinbach in Lower Austria, which occasionally contains 

 fragments of branches, retaining their form but showing no trace of 

 fiber. This, belonging to the Upper Cretaceous, is a lignitic coal, 

 for, as analyzed by Schrotter, it has carbon, 74.84 ; hydrogen, 4.60 ; 

 oxygen, 20.56. The water and ash are very low. The important 

 coals of Hungarian Cretaceous are in the middle or fresh-water 

 formation consisting of marls and coal beds. Hantken presents no 

 detailed analyses ; the water and ash, for the most part, are less than 

 10 per cent. 



The Cretaceous coals of Queensland are rarely thick enough to 

 be workable ; they occur as lenses scattered over a great area. The 

 analyses reported by Jack^^° are all proximate; reduced to pure coal 

 for fixed carbon and volatile they show : 



The coal of No. V., belonging in the Lower Cretaceous, cokes well. 

 The stratigraphic relations give no explanation for the low volatile 

 of No. IV. There is no relation between ash and volatile, for the 

 ash of HL is almost ten times that of V., but the volatile is almost 

 the same in both coals. 



"3 C. Zincken, " Erganzungen zu der Physiographic der Braunkohle," 

 Halle, 1871, pp. 4, 5. 



^^*Jahrb. k. k. Reichsanst., Vol. II., Part i, p. I44- 



13^' R. L. Jack, " Geology of Queensland," pp. 398, 532, 537. 



