154 PRINCE— TROYAN AND BOYAN IN OLD RUSSIAN. 



(4) Troyan = Trojan, embodying the Russian tradition of Homer; 

 and (5) Troyan was the transferred name of an ancient Slavonic 

 pagan deity.^ 



Discussing these theories briefly, it should be noted that there is 

 no evidence that the Troyan of our Slovo was other than a poetical 

 name for Russia in its application by the poet. The fact that there 

 is to-day a place called Troyan in Bulgaria and a Troyan near 

 Smolensk, etc., is no proof that these localities are named from the 

 same stem as the Troyan of the Slovo, which distinctly includes all 

 the Russia of that day. Furthermore, the change of text, sug- 

 gested by Weltmann, may be summarily dismissed as being too arbi- 

 trary (thus, also Magnus, p. 1). 



It is highly likely that we have in the name "Troyan" a mix- 

 ture of philological traditions, i. e., that it is a combination-reproduc- 

 tion of the Roman "Trajan" and the Greek "Trojan," both which 

 opinions are indicated above. In this supposed compound tradi- 

 tion, the Greek element must be regarded as predominating. Mag- 

 nus cites (p. 1, from Sederholm) a byliiia* of the reign of Cath- 

 erine II., in which there is a direct allusion to the road of the em- 

 peror Trajan (71a doroge na Trayanovo'i) , containing the a vowel 

 (cf. also Magnus, loc. cit. on the miracle of Pope Clement), but the 

 forms Troyan tsar' Yermalanski'i (=rimlyanskii "Roman") occur 

 in south Russian documents, and, moreover, there are other evi- 

 dences of the Trajan tradition in northern and eastern Slavonic 

 lore. This fact, in itself, is not sufficient, however, to account for 

 the evident use of " Troyan," to indicate ancient Russia. Magnus 

 holds (p. 1) that "Troyan" is derived from the numeral three 

 (troye), referring to the three Scandinavian brothers Rurik, Sineus 

 and Truvor,^ who founded Russia (Nestor 6370). Such an idea 

 seems rather far-fetched, as Troyan is often used as a nickname for 

 the third son, similarly to Latin Tcrtius, Dccimiis, etc. But there is 



4 The term hylina indicates tlie Russian folk-tale, of which thousands are 

 still in existence, usually in rude meter. These productions are nearly always 

 intoned in chant-form (Rimsky-Korsakov, "Chants Nationaux Russes," Part 

 I, 1876). 



5 The names Rurik and Truvor are Slavonianisms, respectively, from Old 

 Norse Hrorekr and Thorvardr (guardian of the gate). Many Old Russian 

 names are pure Scandinavian (cf. Magnus, p. viii). 



