482 BALCH— EARLY MAN IN AMERICA. 



does not antedate the Aurignacien and may coincide with the Solu- 

 treen or Magdaleneen, a supposition which may also be considered 

 to hold good of the surrounding fossils. But although this drawing 

 is only a tiny relic, yet if it is genuinely Pleistocene, it opens up 

 vistas hitherto hermetically sealed, for one must logically conclude 

 that drawing may have begun as early in America as in Europe. 



The discoveries in Kansas and in Florida coming on top of the 

 discoveries in New Jersey, prove beyond all cavil that there are 

 several horizons of culture in America. There are certainly three 

 horizons at Trenton, there are certainly two at Vero, there are prob- 

 ably four stages, if not horizons, of culture in Kansas. Now comes 

 an important question, do these horizons coincide? The upper or 

 historic Indian neolithic stage is undoubtedly the same everywhere. 

 But does the lower horizon at Vero coincide with the lower horizon 

 at Trenton and are they synchronous with the Chelleen culture of 

 Kansas ? 



The progress of prehistoric archeology in Europe has been largely 

 due to recognizing the sequence of one horizon after another. 

 These horizons, identified by their fossils and their stone imple- 

 ments, are, in all cases, found in their proper order of position 

 above or below each other. There may be many or few of these 

 horizons together but in every case the later horizons are above the 

 earlier ones. If one designates the horizons in Europe by numbers, 

 and numbers them from the top downwards, i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 

 9, etc., horizon 3 is always above horizon 5, horizon 5 is always 

 above horizon 7 and so forth. 



In America we know positively that there are three horizons 

 at Trenton. If we take these as the starting point and number them 

 downwards i, 2, 3, we can safely say that horizon i, that of the 

 Neolithic historic Indian, extends, with local variations of culture, 

 throughout the whole of North America and perhaps, although this 

 is less certain, of South America. But of horizon 2 and horizon 

 3 we do not yet know whether they coincide with any of the lower 

 horizons or stages of culture in other places in America whose 

 existence is equally definitely established. We cannot say that the 

 lower horizon at Trenton coincides with the lower horizon at Vero, 

 nor can we say that either of them coincide with the Chelleen stage 



