BALCH— EARLY MAN IN AMERICA. 483 



of Kansas. May be they do, but may be they antedate or postdate 

 one another. Instead of three horizons, it may be that there are 

 five horizons already discovered in America. And, it seems to me, 

 this straightening out of the sequence and relative time of the 

 horizons is the most immediate problem to attend to in connection 

 with early man in America. 



My own beliefs and opinions about the present status of knowl- 

 edge about early man in America may now be summed up as 

 follows. Early man was here. He lived during at least a part of 

 the Pleistocene period for tens of thousands of years south of the 

 Glacial moraines. He probably went through an Eolithic period and 

 certainly through a Chelleen period in some places and therefore 

 was truly a Paleolithic man. He may have made rudimentary fine 

 art. Paleolithic American man was the ancestor of the Neolithic 

 historic Indian and although less advanced in culture much like his 

 descendant in anthropological characteristics. Whether he was an 

 autochthone in America or whether he came from some other place 

 and if so when, we do not as yet know positively, although his 

 affiliations seem to be to the west. And it is to four men above all 

 others that we owe our knowledge : Abbott, the discoverer of paleo- 

 lithic implements and horizons, Volk, the corroborator, Lund, the 

 first finder of probably Paleolithic bones, and Winchell, the in- 

 vestigator of patination. These four men will always remain stars 

 in American archeology and especially so Dr. Abbott, who, by fol- 

 lowing Voltaire's famous dictum " II faut cultiver son jardin," will 

 go down to history as an immortal. 



