478 BALCH— EARLY MAN IN AMERICA. 



from accepting Abbott's and Volk's results. And this was the 

 human remains found in various parts of North and South Amer- 

 ica in Pleistocene deposits, which human remains always seemed to 

 be historic Indian. Besides the one find made by Dr. Lund in 

 eastern Brazil several discoveries of the same kind were made in 

 North America. One, for instance, was made in 1846 at Natchez, 

 Mississippi, by Dr. Dickeson and was turned down by Sir Charles 

 Lyell. Another was made in 1902 at Lansing, Kansas. A third 

 was made in 1906 at Long Hill near Omaha, Nebraska. Now all 

 these bones and especially the skulls showed almost exactly the 

 characteristics of historic Indian remains. And it was argued from 

 this that since these remains showed no evolution in the type there- 

 fore they could not be really old. For it must be remembered that 

 the persistence of type has only been accepted recently. It was 

 indeed believed for a number of years that the modern European 

 had probably evolved directly from the nuich lower type of Mous- 

 terien Neanderthal man. Now, however, from numerous discov- 

 eries at Moulin Quignon, at Galley Hill, at the Olmo, at Ipswich, 

 and other places, it is known that the modern European type dates 

 back to the Chelleen and Acheuleen horizons of the early Paleo- 

 lithic, while the Neanderthal man's ancestor has been traced in an 

 earlier, perhaps Eolithic, horizon at Heidelberg. But since the 

 reasons formerly influencing anthropologists to reject as genuine 

 the finds of human remains in the American Pleistocene can no 

 longer be held to be valid, it can now be affirmed that it is not only 

 possible but nearly certain that the type of the historic Indian comes 

 down in America through tens of thousands of years, possibly 

 through the entire Pleistocene epoch. 



For many years the status of Early Man in America remained 

 thus in statu quo, Abbott and Volk standing squarely by their guns 

 and occasionally firing the hot shot of facts at other archeologists, 

 the minority of whom accepted the facts, while the majority de- 

 nied them. And it was only about five years ago that confirmation 

 came to Abbott and Volk, and it came first from an unexpected 

 quarter, namely Kansas. 



About the beginning of the twentieth century, Mr. J. V. Brower 



