BALCH— EARLY MAN IN AMERICA. 479 



made a large collection of artifacts in Kansas immediately south of 

 the Kansas glacial moraine. Air. Brower discerned that some of 

 these artifacts were unusual in character, but he did not follow up 

 the matter and died soon after. Then his collection was placed in 

 the Minnesota Historical Society at St. Paul, Minnesota, and for- 

 tunately it attracted the attenion of the late Dr. H. N. Winchell, 

 who devoted the last years of his life to its study. He established 

 an important point in regard to the paleoliths of Kansas, namely 

 that some of them closely resemble the Chelleen implements of 

 Europe, possibly even some of the pre-Chelleen implements. With- 

 out being identical, these implements show that man went through a 

 Chelleen stage of culture in Kansas at an early time, perhaps even 

 before the Kansas Glacial period. 



This is a notable and important fact. For the European Chel- 

 leen dates to far back, quite probably to a hundred and fifty or two 

 hundred thousand years ago. And the Chelleen implements are 

 about the earliest in which man shows a distinct sense of form. 

 This sense of form and the technic of chipping stone, man com- 

 bined for the first time in the next stage of culture, and taking 

 certain curiously shaped natural flints, Acheuleen man chipped them 

 into a semblance of the form of certain animals. Such stones, 

 found first by Boucher de Perthes in the Valley of the Somme, 

 have been found also within a few years by Mr. W. N. Newton in 

 the valley of the Thames. And considering that the Acheuleen 

 horizon is almost surely more than a hundred thousand years old, 

 these stones carry back the beginnings of art to that time. The 

 wonderful drawings and carvings of the later Paleolithic are clearly 

 the continuation of these Acheuleen attempts at embryo fine art, 

 dnd they also are truly the combination of the technic of chipping 

 flints into implements and of an acute sense of form. But it is 

 possibly not far out of the way, to date the birth of the fine arts at 

 about 125,000 years B. C. 



But Winchell's greatest contribution to our knowledge of stone 

 implements is unquestionably his study of their patination, and in 

 this respect he made an advance even over any European archeolo- 

 gist. He found that implements varied in their patination or weather- 

 ing, that some were more patinated than others, and as he went deeper 



