480 ' BALCH— EARLY MAN IN AMERICA. 



into their study, he found that some implements offered two or 

 even three sorts of patination. And he finally concluded that some 

 implements had been chipped and then perhaps left lying lost for 

 thousands of years until they were found by some later Early man 

 and rechipped into a better form and then lost again to be picked up 

 finally for one of our museums. And by his study of patination 

 principally, Winchell was led to the conclusion that there were at 

 least four successive peoples responsible for the artifacts of Kansas, 

 and he divided the cultures backward into a Neolithic, an early Neo- 

 lithic, a Paleolithic and an early Paleolithic, and toward the end of 

 his work he even suggests it may be necessary to divide these cul- 

 tures still further.^ 



Then came a confirmation of Abbott's and Volk's results at 

 Trenton in regard to the Paleolithic man of the Yellow Drift horizon. 

 Three years ago the American Museum of Natural History sent a 

 commission of several of their staff, Dr. Wissler, Dr. Spiers and 

 others to Trenton. Dr. Abbott gave them the privilege of digging 

 on his estate. And having unlimited resources they dug an im- 

 mense, most educational, trench across the fields and every shovel 

 full of dirt was passed through a sieve. And their results showed 

 that Abbott was perfectly right in his contentions. On top they 

 found the remains of the Leni Lenape Indians in abundance : 

 pottery, bone, shell and copper implements, polished and engraved 

 stone objects, notched and grooved sinkers, pitted and pitless 

 hammerstones, some large chipped blades and many different forms 

 of arrow points. In the Yellow Sand horizon, on the contrary, there 

 were but few forms of artifacts, some pitless hammerstones, some 

 implements of a large blade type, and only a few forms of chipped 

 stone arrow points. In other words there is a complex culture pre- 

 ceded by a simple culture. And this simple culture is homogeneous 

 and cannot be confused with any other. ^ 



Finally within the last two years there was made a discovery of 



5 H. N. Winchell, " The Weathering of Aboriginal Stone Artifacts," the 

 Minnesota Historical Society, 1913. 



^ Leslie Spier, " New Data on the Trenton ArgilHte Culture," American 

 Anthropologist, April-June, 1916. 



Clark Wissler, " The Application of Statistical Methods to the Data on 

 the Trenton ArgilHte Culture," American Anthropologist, April-June, 1916. 



