604 BOWMAN— ECOLOGY AND 



of the early botanists and arranges them in an orderly manner. 

 He recognizes seven species of Rhizophora, which he created as a 

 separate genus. These seven species were R. conjugata, R. gym- 

 norhisa, R. candel, R. mangle, R. cylindrica, R. corniculata and R. 

 caseolaris, all of which are Oriental except R. mangle. 



For R. mangle, Linnaeus gives as equivalent the Mangle foliis 

 acutis of Jacquin ; Mangle segmcntes calycnm of the Wachend ult. 

 90; Mangle aquatica of Plumier; Mangle pyri foliis of Sloane and 

 Bauhin; Mangiiim candelarinm of Rumph and Pee-Kandel of 

 Rheede. In the " Systema " it is No. 592 of the Dodecandria 

 Monogynia and furnished the essential characters of the plant. 



Rumph, 1750,^^ a contemporary of Linnseus, gives a lengthy de- 

 scription of his Mangiiim candelarinm or Mangi Mangi as it oc- 

 curred in Amboyna of the Moluccas. He also calls it Mangiiim 

 candelarinm et arcuatiim on account of the resemblance of the 

 hypocotyl to candles and of the prop roots to bows. He also quotes 

 Rochf ort's account of this tree or the " Paretewier Tree " and says 

 " Oviedus perceived a great pain in his abdomen from eating the 

 fruits," but mentions a method by which it is prepared for food 

 in the East Indies. 



Browne, 1756,^- in his history of Jamaica mentions the tree as 

 "mangle," and Jacquin, 1763,^^ describes it as Rhizophora peduncn- 

 lis bifidis and faithfully pictures the mangrove thickets of the 

 Antilles region. 



Forskahl, 1775,'* in the Red Sea region says: " Arabes narra- 

 rient semen in arbore dehiscere et cotyledones nudos emittere, quod 

 vix credibile mihi videtur," but as he did not actually see this, he 

 did not really describe the plant. 



Gsertner, 1788,''" uses the name of Linnseus, but mentions all the 

 synonyms of preceding authors. Of the embryo he says "inversus, 

 viridus intra semen germinans ej usque integumenta, procresente sua 

 radicula rumpens," showing he realized the significance of vivipary. 



31 Rumph, Geo. E., " Her. Amboin.," Vol. III., p. 108, 1750. 



3- Browne, Patrick, "Civil and Nat. Hist. Jam.," 211, 1756. 



33 Jacquin, N. J., "Select. Stirp. Americ," 1763. 



3* Forskahl, P., " Flora ^g3'ptiaca Arabica, Haunice Descrip. Cent.," H., 



P- 37, 1775- 



35 Gaertner, J., " De Fructibus et Seminibus Plant," 1788. 



