558 WHITE— STUDIES OF INHERITANCE IN PISUM. 



the tails by their blooming time, the result is 9 early: 15 interme- 

 diate: 8 late. The 10 dwarfs were 6 intermediate : 4 late, no earlies 

 being obtained where most expected. 



Keeble and Pellew found lateness in blooming correlated with 

 short internodes and earliness with long internodes. Classified on 

 this basis, their results are : 



Classified so as to show the relation of both the character of the 

 stem (thin or thick) and the length of internodes to time of bloom, 

 the results were : 



I Late 



Itl 



Providing neither linkage (coupling) nor modifying effects were 

 present, i. e., independent both in inheritance and development, the 

 theoretically expected ratio in each of these classes is 9:3:3:1. 



In Fg, Tschermak found some of the F^ earlies and all lates 

 remained constant or bred true. Some of the early class gave both 

 early and intermediate. The intermediates in some cases bred rela- 

 tively true, in other cases giving intermediates and lates and in still 

 other cases giving all three classes. 



In several cases in F, and F.,, segregates flowering either earlier 

 than the early ancestor or later than the late flowering ancestral 

 variety, were obtained and these remain constant in later generations. 



The F4 generation results bore out the F, expectation. 



Hoshino's studies involved 30,000 F^, F^, Fo and F^ generation 

 plants, and his results are similar to those obtained by Lock and 

 Tschermak, as regards flower color and time of flowering, but in a 

 cross between an early flowering dwarf variety and a late flowering 

 tall one, he found no evidence of coupling between the factors for 



