178 STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF THE FOSSIL FUELS. 



19.43 ; ash, 11.00. This coal, which is utiHzed, like Schwelkohle, for 

 production of oils and paraffin, yields, according to H. Vohl,-^' by 

 distillation: Water, 24.214; tar, 20.014; coaly residue, 46.326; gas, 

 9.446. The Blatterkohle of Rott yields 15 to 20 per cent, of tar on 

 the large scale. This tar, when fractioned, gives: Photogen, 16; 

 solarol, 24; paraffin, 20; hard paraffin, 4, from 100 pounds of tar. 



Cannel-like coal has been reported from Washington. Alaska and 

 Arkansas. That from Lewis county of Washington is extremely 

 high in volatile, but no analysis is available. Analyses of two coals 

 from Alaska show 71.3 and 81.26 of volatile. The Lester coal of 

 Arkansas has 68.06 per cent., in the pure coal, and the best quality 

 is said to yield 38 gallons of oil per ton. Lenses of cannel-like coal 

 occur at Hoyt in Texas, but no analysis has been made. " Oil shale " 

 of high grade has been found in New Zealand. 



Analyses of brown coal, both proximate and ultimate, seem to be 

 abundant enough for all purposes. Those from European locali- 

 ties are almost all from mines which have been long in operation and 

 which yield coal proved to be marketable. In much of the areas 

 within the United States, the coal has been mined in a small way 

 to supply the owner's needs or those of a very sm.all population ; 

 samples have been taken from these as well as from mines of great 

 capacity, so that the reports from Government laboratories tell much 

 respecting the variations in character. In almost every instance, the 

 samples are prisms from the whole face of the bed, so that there is 

 little information as to varying conditions during accumulation of 

 the beds. 



Comparatively few analyses of Pliocene coals have been reported. 

 Hutton has given four for the Otago, New Zealand, basins and 

 Hantken has given six for those of Hungary ; reduced to pure coal 

 basis, these are 



Hutton's specimens were air-dried and contained from 11 to 16 per 

 24" Cited by Heusler, p. 133. 



