STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF THE FOSSIL FUELS. 179 



cent, of water. The ash is from 2.80 to 29.58. The samples were 

 evidently selected specimens and Hutton seems to think that the 

 selection was not always judicious. The water in Hantken's samples 

 varies from 17.57 to 27.2 and the ash is low, barely 5 per cent., ex- 

 cept in Xo. IX., where it is almost 20 per cent, of the dried material. 

 Xo relation appears here between the quantity of ash and that of 

 volatile matter.-*® 



Von Ammon-*^ published several ultimate analyses from mines in 

 Bavaria ; 



Xo. I. is a briquette with 10 per cent, of water and 13.21 of ash; 

 X^o. n. is a fresh specimen from the Oettingen locality and contains 

 63 per cent, of water ; Xo. 3 is lignit, bituminous wood, from 

 Schwarzenfeld and Xo. IV. from the same place is woody; these 

 have 41 and 36 per cent, of water but the ash is only 2.28 ; Xo. V. 

 is a strongly dried brown coal, which has 24 per cent, of water and 

 9 of ash. 



The number of analyses is small but they represent the best coals 

 in the petty areas whence the samples were taken. Compared with 

 peats, the proximate analyses show notable decrease in volatile, so 

 great indeed in the Hungarian coals as to suggest the possibility of 

 some metamorphic action. The ultimate analyses from Bavaria show 

 an advance beyond mature peat in the carbon but it is not constant, 

 for X"o. III. is poorer in carbon and richer in oxygen than some 

 peats. 



Miocene Coals. — Arnold has published two analyses from the 

 ^lonte Diablo field in California, one representing a 5-feet cut at 

 the top and the other, the lower part of the bed ; Pardee has given 

 two of the coal in southwestern Montana. These, made by the 

 Bureau of IMines, show : 



248 F_ \Y. Hutton, " Geology of Otago," p. 97; M. Hantken, op. cit., p. 341. 



249 L. V. Ammon, op. cit, pp. 18, 27. 



