STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF THE FOSSIL FUELS. 181 



are the low water throughout and the great difference in volatile of 

 the two parts of the bed, more than 9 per cent, in the pure coal. 

 This coal is very similar in appearance to many Carboniferous coals 

 but it is attacked by caustic potash to an unusual degree.-'^ 



Von Ammon-^- reports analyses from the small Miocene area in 

 Bavaria, which exhibit much variability in composition. 



The ash varies from 3 to 28 per cent, and the sulphur from 0.40 to 

 8 per cent. The first and third are very similar to peat in compo- 

 sition; the second is a Pechkohle from Schwarzen Moor. 



The Grottauer coal of Bohemia contains, according to Katzer, 

 50 per cent, of water when freshly mined; dried at 110° C, it has 

 carbon, 53.22, hydrogen, 5.56, oxygen and nitrogen, 37.95, ash, 3.97. 

 The sulphur, as pyrite and in organic combination, sometimes reaches 

 3.84 per cent. 



The Hungarian coals show considerable variation in composition. 

 Nendtvich-"^ gives analyses from two beds thus : 



Rudolphilager . 

 Josephilager . . 



Water. 



18.68 



17.00 

 17.82 

 17.10 



Volatile. 



49.11 

 44.02 

 67.00 

 54.00 



c. 



70.849 

 72.185 

 72.490 

 71-360 



H. 



4-715 

 5-185 

 5-175 

 5-095 



OandN. 



24-445 

 22.630 

 22.235 

 23-545 



These are from near Oedenburg ; having been made according to 

 the same method, they are comparable. They make clear that for 

 comparisons one needs both ultimate and proximate analyses. The 

 second from Rudolphi and the first from Josephi have almost the 

 same ultimate composition, yet the latter yields about 2^ per cent, 

 more volatile than the former, showing that it has very different 

 constituents. The analyses for each are from diff'erent portions of 



251 In Annals N. Y. Acad. Sex., Vol. XVI., 1905, pp. 86, 87. 



252 L_ V. Ammon, op. cit, pp. 62, 64. 



253 C. M. Nendtvich, " Ungarns Steinkohlen," etc., pp. 40-44. 



