AND THE RECURRENCE OF WAR. 277 



world wide territorial rearrangement concluded in 1904 by France 

 and Great Britain. By that arrangement each of those two powers 

 gave up to the other some territory to rectify their frontiers or im- 

 portant privileges in exchange for something elsewhere of equiva- 

 lent value. In that way the causes of possible clash in the future 

 between them were reduced to a minimum. 



In the same way, looking to the present and the future, the 

 United States, for example, could arrange to give Canada one or 

 two, possibly more franc ports along the x\laskan lisicrc in ex- 

 change for some other privilege, so that merchandise going into or 

 out of the Dominion would be assured at all times of passage to or 

 from Canada through the Alaskan lisicre without any vexations or 

 delays arising from our customs. 



Or even the United States might give to Canada in exchange for 

 the Island of Campobello, a narrow strip of land leading down to 

 one of the fiords which advance into the lisicre so that a Canadian 

 railroad could be built to tide water with sufficient space upon the 

 shore to allow a commercial port to be developed. 



Another problem which calls in the interest of peace for a wise 

 solution is the need of the great Russian Empire for a port which 

 is never locked up with ice. 



It has been suggested that a neutralization of the ocean trade 

 routes of the world would make for the maintenance of peace 

 among the nations. Then, of course, there naturally arises the ques- 

 tion how shall that neutralization be maintained? In other words, 

 if the nations agree to neutralize the ocean trade routes, how can 

 that agreement be upheld in times of war? 



A rearrangement or reconstruction of the status quo between 

 individual nations, however, while helping to make more secure in 

 given cases the peace of nations, would not of itself go very far 

 in eliminating the desire for war between all nations. Something 

 additional is necessary if any serious hope of securing world peace 

 is to be looked for. 



One solution of how to maintain peace in the world would be 

 a return to the state of things which did actually occur in the latter 

 part of the period of civilization immediately preceding our own 

 civilization, when the Roman state gained dominion for a consider- 



