284 FURNESS: OBSERVATIONS ON THE MENTALITY OF 



praised and petted her enthusiastically ; she never forgot it after 

 that and finally recognized it as my name. When asked " Where is 

 Papa?" she would at once point to me or pat me on the shoulder. 

 One warm summer's day I carried her in my arms into a swimming 

 pool ; she was alarmed at first but when the water came up to her 

 legs she was panic stricken ; she clung with her arms about my neck ; 

 kissed me again and again and kept saying " Papa ! Papa ! Papa ! " 

 Of course, I went no further after that pathetic appeal. 



The next word I attempted to teach her to say was " cup." (Let 

 me say that by this time she understood almost everything that it 

 was necessary for me to say such as " Open your mouth," " Stick 

 out your tongue," " Do this," etc., and she was perfectly gentle and 

 occasionally seemed quite interested.) The first move in teaching 

 her to say cup was to push her tongue back in her throat as if she 

 were to make the sound "ka." This was done by means of a bone 

 spatula with which I pressed lightly on the center of her tongue. 

 When I saw that she had taken a full breath I placed my finger 

 over her nose to make her try to breathe through her mouth. The 

 spatula was then quickly withdrawn and inevitably she made the 

 sound " ka." All the while facing her I held my mouth open with my 

 tongue in the same position as hers so that her observation, curiosity, 

 and powers of imitation might aid her, and I said ka with her 

 emphatically as I released her tongue. After several lessons of, 

 perhaps, fifteen minutes of this sort of training each day she would 

 draw back her tongue to the position even before the spatula had 

 touched it, but she would not say ka unless I placed my finger over 

 her nose. The next advance was that she herself placed my finger 

 over her nose and then said ka without any use of the spatula ; then 

 she found that in default of my finger her own would answer the 

 purpose and I could get her to make this sound any time I asked her 

 to. It was comparatively very easy from this to teach her to say 

 " kap " by means of closing her lips with my fingers the instant she 

 said ka. At the same time I showed her the cup that she drank 

 out of and I repeated the word several times as I touched it to her 

 lips. After a few lessons when I showed her the cup and asked 

 " What is this ? " she would say cup very plainly. Once when ill at 

 night she leaned out of her hammock and said " cup, cup, cup," 



