PATTEN— COOPERATION AS A FACTOR IN EVOLUTION. 509 



is temporarily limited by the methods of constructing, or arranging, 

 the conveyers ; these methods may be changed or improved. It is 

 permanently limited by the inherent nature of the conveyer, and by 

 the nature of the things to be conveyed ; these conditions cannot be 

 modified or improved. 



8. But there are no limits to the demands for more materials, 

 for the old demands remain till satisfied, and being satisfied, create 

 new demands. 



9. When many commodities are required at a given point at the 

 same time, the rate of growth is determined by the maximum ca- 

 pacity of the slowest conveyer. 



10. Since there are unlike local rates and directions of conveyance, 

 unlike local growths arise, unlike in volume, or in quality, or in both. 

 These products of growth become the new agents by whose coopera- 

 ative action further growth is made possible. 



Evolution, therefore, is not due to the subdivision of labor be- 

 tween like units ; rather is it that growth inevitably creates different 

 kinds of laborers thereby making the subdivision of labor the im- 

 perative condition of their existence. 



Growth, therefore, creates the power which is used to satisfy its 

 own demands, and a surplus power, or profit, for freedom of action, 

 which is then used to experiment and explore, thereby finding better 

 w^ays and means of satisfying its demands. 



The same principle may be expressed in commercial or economic 

 terms instead of dynamic terms : progress cannot take place unless 

 the creative value of the service performed pays the cost of the 

 service and yields a surplus profit for freedom. Freedom then be- 

 comes the instrument for the discovery, or invention, of better ways 

 and means of service. 



11. Growth inevitably creates diversified conditions which tend 

 to check its own progress till released by better cooperation. For 

 growth reduces the immediately available supplies, thereby requiring 

 greater expenditures to procure them ; moreover the new internal 

 conditions created by growth create new products, with new de- 

 mands, faster than the right ways of administering them can be 

 found. 



In order, with diminishing supplies, to meet the increasing de- 



