512 HAUPT— AN ANCIENT PROTEST [April 22, 



Book of Esther, Haman is called an Agagite, that is, a descendant 

 of Agag, the king of the Amalekites, who had been spared by Saul, 

 but was hewn in pieces before Jiivii by Samuel, whereas ]\Iordecai 

 is introduced as a descendant of the first king of Israel; see Haupt, 

 Piirim (Leipzig, 1906), p. 12, 1. 30. The Amalekites were Edomites 

 who had invaded southern Palestine before the Edomite ancestors 

 of the Jews, after their exodus from Egypt, conquered the region 

 afterwards known as Judah (see n. 23). In Numbers, xxiv., 20 

 Amalek is called the first (that is, oldest) of the nations. The 

 Amalekites, however, had intermarried with other (non-Edomite) 

 tribes; in Genesis, xxxvi., 12, therefore, Amalek is introduced as a 

 son of Esau's first-born, Eliphaz, by a concubine, just as the sons 

 of Jacob's concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah, were tribes with foreign 

 elements; see my paper on Leah and Rachel in the Zcitschrift fi'ir 

 die ahtestamcntUche WissciiscJiaft, vol. xxix., p. 285. The identi- 

 fication of Amalek with the cuneiform Meluha (OriciitaHstische 

 Literaturscitiing, June, 1909) is untenable. According to i Chron- 

 icles, ii., 55, the Rechabites {cf. Jeremiah, xxxv. ; 2 Kings, x., 15, 

 22,) were descendants of the Kenites; but this can hardly be correct. 

 The Rechabites resembled the ancient Kenites in that they were 

 ardent worshipers of Jhvii, and that they continued to live in 

 tents after the men of Judah (see n. 23) had settled in Canaan. 



-°See p. 360 of my paper on The Burning Bush and The 

 Origin of Judaism in vol. xlviii. (No. 193) of these Proceedings 

 (Philadelphia, 1909) and my paper on Midian and Sinai (cited 

 above, n. 11), p. 506, 1. 12; p. 512, 11. 15 and 33; p. 513. 1. 2. In 

 Genesis, iv., 17 we read that Cain built a city. 



-^ In Judges, iv., 11 the words tnib-beiie hohdb Moseh are a 

 secondary gloss (or variant) to niiq-Ooiii, and hotcn is a tertiary 

 gloss to hobdb. The original text of Judges, i., 16 s^ems to have 

 been: zcc-Oaiii 'aldh uie-'ir hat-tcinarhii ct-Yehuddli inidbdr 'Ardd 

 icai-yelck zcai-ycseb et-'Amalcq, Cain went up with Judah from the 

 Palm City to the wilderness of Arad, and went and lived with 

 Amalek. The words bene . . . hot en Moseli and YchuddJi aser 

 ban-negcb are glosses. vSec the translation of Judges, in the Poly- 

 chrome Bible, pp. 8 and 2; also p. 49, n. 15; p. 62, 1. 55; cf. my 



