56 WALTER S. HUNTER 



stand as the largest number of trials given on learning to any 

 of the children, and this to F, the youngest. 



I believe that the main factor that would make for non- 

 comparability in these results is that of brightness preference. 

 It is not known what the value of this factor was for the chil- 

 dren. But leaving this possibility aside, it is to be noted that 

 the above records fall into two well defined groups; those for 

 the animals and those for the children. If the difference here 

 is correlated with grades of intelligence," one may well ask why 

 no such differences appear between the several classes of animals. 

 The problem is all the' more interesting when it is pointed out 

 that there seems no certain correlation between the ability to 

 learn the association and the ability to delay when one considers 

 the various groups of animals. The dogs and the rats used the 

 same method in delay, yet Blackie delayed longer than any rat. 

 Jack and Bob used methods of behavior in delay quite different 

 from the other animals and their delays were far longer than 

 those of the rats and of Brownie. Furthermore two of these 

 raccoons delayed about the same period of time, yet varied 

 greatly in their times for learning the association. Among the 

 children, matters would seem to be different. They learned 

 rapidly and in delays reached relatively long periods of time 

 by what seemed the same method used by the raccoons. The 

 following answers suggest themselves with reference to the 

 question put just above: The present data indicate: (i) Either 

 that the different grades of intelligence among the animals were 

 not great enough to be registered in the learning rates although 

 the grades between an'mals and children were sufficient to mani- 

 fest themselves; or (2) that the association can be learned with 

 a type of process that will not suffice for long delays where the 

 orientation is not maintained. If this latter alternative be 

 correct, it would seem that the children used the method re- 

 quired for the last mentioned type of delay in their learning 

 period. The raccoons, on the other hand, used the same method 



■" V. C. Hicks and H. A. Carr '* find no such correlation of the number of trials 

 taken in learning a maze and the grade of intelligence of the subjects. The time 

 is not ripe for a statement of the type of learning present in maze problems when 

 compared with the present test. However, the data presented by the above writers 

 and by myself would indicate that the two problems do not involve the same means 

 of solution, at least to the same extent. 



*^ Hicks, V. C. and Carr, H. A. Human Reactions in a Maze. Jour, of Animal 

 Behavior, 1912, vol. 2, p. 101. 



