44 L. W. SACKETT 



and finally, when all were learned all were re -painted and pre- 

 sented again. 



The regular plan was first to teach the animal to find his 

 food in the apparatus without the forms inserted. This was 

 usually accomplished in one day with a tame animal so that 

 they would cease to beg for food and would explore the apparatus 

 whenever it was brought into the cage. After this preliminary 

 training the forms were inserted and the porcupine allowed to 

 search until he found the food, the experimenter keeping record of 

 all the forms entered or passed without entering. While the 

 animal ate, the whole apparatus was lifted to the other side of 

 the cage, a distance of six or eight feet, the forms were rear- 

 ranged and the food inserted. Soon after that was done and 

 the experimenter had stepped well out of the way, the animal 

 finished his piece of food, turned around, and approached the 

 apparatus again. This was repeated from 40 to 80, sometimes 

 150 times a day until the animal's hunger was practically 

 appeased. 



The first porcupine to use this apparatus was No. 3 but his 

 reactions were somewhat unsatisfactory both as to method and 

 result. Nevertheless, they are presented in some detail. Four 

 hundred tests were made with the forms six-wise with the food 

 in the circle, and he failed to use the form of the opening as a 

 cue in finding the food, except that he would occasionally refuse 

 to inspect the food receptacle back of the triangle when the 

 apex was down but never when the base was down. There 

 was enough difference in the kinaesthetic experience of enter 

 ing the two positions to account for all the discrimination pre- 

 sent without taking vision into account at all, especially when 

 the animal's behavior was taken into consideration. It was 

 not his custom to refuse to enter the triangle on sight of it; 

 but only at the point of entrance where the kinaesthetic factor 

 would arise. The recta'ngle was also avoided a few times. This 

 occurred not so much on sight of the form but only when start- 

 ing to enter would give rise to dermal and kinaesthetic sensa- 

 tions due to its narrowness. These sensations even seemed to 

 be anticipated at times and the inhibition effected before any 

 great advance had been made into the forms. His regular 

 habit was to approach the apparatus at one of the middle forms, 

 inspect the food box behind it, take the next one to the left 



