44 WALTER S. HUNTER 



mentioned errors were made despite the fact that the proper 

 orientation was being held. This is a type of reaction that 

 almost never occurred with the rats and the dogs. It would 

 seem to indicate that this raccoon is less dependent on gross 

 motor attitudes than the other animals. But the most signifi- 

 cant behavior is that of reacting correctly when the wrong 

 orientation was held at the moment of release. From the first 

 set of figures above, it will be seen that of 232 trials when the 

 wrong orientation was held, 167 or 71% were correct. The 

 second set of figures shows that of 421 trials when the wrong 

 orientation was held, 309 or 73% were successfully carried out. 

 Such a high percentage places the results above the possibility 

 of explanation by chance. Again, the fact that this type of 

 behavior dominated for several days at a time indicates that 

 something more than chance was manifesting itself. At 8 sees, 

 delay, e.g.. Jack made 10 correct reactions in one day, starting 

 with wrong orientations. The following two days had 7 each; 

 and the following two, 4 each. The next day the delay was 

 increased to 9 sees, and 8 correct reactions with wrong orienta- 

 tions were made. Eight, 6, 4, 8 and 6 were the records of such 

 reactions for the following days. The next day after these, 10 

 sees, delay was given. Here 9 correct reactions were made 

 starting with wrong orientations. These are fair samples of the 

 prevalence of this type of reaction. 



In order to emphasize further the fact that Jack did not need 

 to keep any observable part of his body in a constant position 

 in order to react correctly, I shall give one day's record in detail 

 (Table X). Often only the raccoon's hind feet — or one of them — 

 remained constant. The interval of delay in this illustration is 

 10 sees. N.c. means no part of the body kept constant. H.f.c. 

 means hind-feet constant. Rt.h.f.c. means right hind-foot con- 

 stant. If the letter designating the orientation held at the 

 moment of release is in italics, the animal oscillated between 

 two faces of the release. If in addition the letter is starred, 

 the animal oscillated from one to another of all three faces of 

 the release. On the 3rd and 5th trials. Jack was distracted by 

 some noise during the delay. A concrete statement of what 

 these symbols mean in one or more instances should make 

 the record perfectly clear. On the first trial, the light was 

 turned on in the right-hand box. It was turned off and the 



