DELAYED REACTION 31 



The r.ats of Set B were tested as follows: Nos. lo, ii, 14 and 

 17 were given 5 trials daily. Nos. 12, 13, 15 and 16 received 10 

 trials. All of these animals learned the association. The num- 

 ber of trials required for this learning is given in Table II. The 



results here indicate: (i) That the use of 5 trials favors rapid 

 learning more than does the use of 10 trials, and (2) that rats 

 tested with 5 trials daily un'der conditions of reward and pun- 

 ishment will learn the association more nearly in the same 

 length of time than will rats given the same number of trials 

 but tested with reward only. The use of punishment, while it 

 may not shorten the length of time required by an "intelligent " 

 rat to learn an association does hasten the learning in the case 

 of the "dullards" such as Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 9. Rats will put 

 forth a maximum effort under punishment when they would 

 not do so under other conditions. These results are in harmony 

 with the work of Hoge and Stocking. '^ 



That the influences on time of learning exercised by the 

 number of trials and by punishment are not due to prefer- 

 ences for the light or for the dark room boxes is indicated by 

 Table III which gives the number of times each rat chose the 



TABLE III 

 Rat No. 2 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 9 



No. of choices of light box. . 23 21 13 18 23 38 



Rat No. 10 No. 11 No. 14 No. 17 



No. of choices of light box . . 20 28 28 32 



Rat No. 16 No. 15 No. 13 No. 12 



No. of choices of light box . . 24 30 21 27 



*^ Hoge, M. A. and Stocking, R. J. A Note on the Relative Value of Punish- 

 ment and Reward as Motives. Jour, of Animal Behavior, 1912, vol. 2. 



