18 HARRY MILES JOHNSON 



Swift ^^ who was interested in the "psychical" processes 

 involved in the reactions of Kalischer's and Rothmann's dogs, 

 as well as in their localization theories, trained two female dogs 

 "after the method of Kalischer," to discriminate between c^ 

 and e^ sounded on trumpets. The c' was the food-tone. Four- 

 teen days sufficed to perfect the reactions. The number of 

 trials a day is not given. No control tests showing that the 

 animals were not reacting to other than auditory stimuli are 

 reported. A month of rest was allowed before operating. 



On the first dog, extirpation of the left temporal lobe was 

 performed. This, according to Swift, produced right hemian- 

 opia. He does not say how this fact was determined. The 

 reactions to tone were undisturbed when the tests were resumed, 

 three days after the operation. Ten days later the right tem- 

 poral lobe was also extii-pated. This, Swift says, rendered the 

 animal's blindness nearly total, and also produced left hemi- 

 plegia. Discrimination between the tones was not disturbed. 

 The same operations were performed on the second dog, but 

 both lobes were removed at once. She, too, discriminated as 

 unfailingly as before. This, Swift thinks, demonstrates that the 

 center for pitch cannot lie in the temporal lobe. He does not 

 agree with Kalischer, however, that the center for tone can be 

 infra-cortical. He argues that the dogs' reactions involve a 

 complex "intellectual process," and reveal a well developed 

 "ability to think:" hence, that the cortex must be involved. 

 He believes, therefore, that the center lies in the cortex, but 

 outside the temporal region. 



If Swift followed the method of Kalischer, as he asserts, then 

 the animals could have reacted to many other cues than audi- 

 tory, as has been shown in the remarks on Kalischer's first 

 experiment. Nor is it safe to assume on the results of casual 

 tests that a dog is or is not suft'ering from defective vision. 

 Extensive observation of the reactions of blind dogs to con- 

 trolled stimuli, some data of which are included in a later part 

 of this work; and tests by standard methods on the vision of 

 normal dogs, made by Haggerty and by myself, have yielded 

 results quite at variance with the popular attribution of visual 

 keenness to the dog. Further it should be said that Swift's 



^^ Swift, W. B. Demonst nition eines Hundes den beide Schlaefenlappen 

 e.xtirpiert worden sind. Neurol Centbl., xxix, pp. 686 ff. 



