CANADA PORCUPINE 77 



and consumed a little less time. No. 6 was tried on the same 

 evening but he worked 48 minutes and had not passed the 

 point b, having spent his time diligently in the first two arms. 

 The next evening, with no intervening practice, No. 6 was 

 again tried. On second approach he passed b and went without 

 an error until he came to x. Here he erred, going into a part 

 of the maze which he entered only once previously. Most of 

 his 27^ minutes were spent in the effort to take the long route. 

 His work in this part was not unlike his efforts in a new part 

 when solving it in daylight. After extricating himself and 

 getting on the correct route he had no more trouble. On the 

 second effort in darkness he fell into the same difficulty but 

 found his way out in time to finish the trip in nine minutes. 



Memory Tests. — On March 28th, 100 days after these ex- 

 periments in the dark and with no intervening experience with 

 the maze, or with any other apparatus except the 100-day test 

 with the puzzle-box five days previously, No. 3 was again given 

 the maze in the same position in the barn in which he had last 

 experienced it. He again manifested the tendency to have 

 difficulty in getting started. After wasting 4 minutes 40 

 seconds and scoring 21 errors in getting past b he spent i 

 minute in j and 2. When he was successfully past j he went 

 without an error from that point to the goal in 50 seconds. 

 His whole time was 6 minutes 30 seconds. Errors 25 (plate 

 IV). The second trip required only 30 seconds to pass b. He 

 missed 2 and j entirely but dropped into 6 and 7 for short excur- 

 sions. His time diminished from 6 minutes 30 seconds to 

 I minute 5 seconds and his errors from 25 to 4. In each of 

 these trips the animal went the long route, making the diffi- 

 cult turn into the free opening near 5 most perfectly. There 

 was no hesitation at the center and none of the useless clawing 

 on the wires which characterizes the actions of an untrained 

 animal. There was no doubt in the minds of the three experi- 

 enced observers who witnessed this memory test that the animal 

 retained a very fair mastery of the problem which the maze 

 presents. The behavior of the animal also suggested a strong 

 possibility that motor habit was the dominant factor in the 

 memory reaction, because several times he would start on the 

 right route as if from motor habit and then turn out. The 

 two trips on the following day were made in i minute 55 



