STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 5 



of coal near the top has been mined at some places. The higher 

 group contains thin irregular coal seams ; one, 8 inches thick, rests 

 on 4 feet of grit holding carbonaceous markings and at 8o feet lower 

 a white sandstone, associated with coal, has similar " coal pipes." 

 Coal seams are present throughout northeastern Yorkshire and occa- 

 sionally become thick enough for mining, but the coal is not good. 

 The flora consists preeminently of ferns, but cycads and conifers 

 are abundant. 



Fox-Strangways and Barrow^ have given additional details re- 

 specting the east coast of Yorkshire. A section on Gresthope Bay, 

 where the Middle Estuarine Series of the Lower Oolite consists 

 of thin-bedded sandstones and shales, shows (i) black coaly shale, 

 o feet, 3 inches; (2) soft, white sandstone with rootlets, i foot; 

 (3) gray shale, 5 feet; (4) sandstone and shale, 3 feet, 6 inches; 

 (5) black shale, i foot, 6 inches; (6) fine laminated sandstone, i 

 foot, 6 inches; (7) fine laminated shale, 6 feet; (8) false-bedded 

 sandstone, with irregular patches of coal, plants, pyrite and car- 

 bonized wood, 21 feet. The last rests on the Millepore Series, in 

 which rippled sandy shales occur ; the impure coal at top of the 

 section rests on the sandy floor into which the plants thrust their 

 roots. 



The Lower Estuarine series is exposed at many places between 

 Whitby and Scarborough, where it underlies the Millepore Series. 

 A section at Blea Wyke shows a thin coal seam roofed by 30 feet 

 of dark shale and resting on 2 feet of underclay, below which is 

 ferruginous sandstone, 12 feet, containing great numbers of erect 

 stems, allied to Equisctites and often 5 feet high. Two other seams, 

 2 and 3 inches thick and separated by 2 feet of soft sandstone, are 

 at 18 feet below the top seam. The lower one rests on 6 feet of 

 dark shale overlying 24 feet of false-bedded sandstone. In the 

 Hawsker District, a coal seam, 4 inches, is at only 3 feet above the 

 Dogger and the intervening shale contains roots. The Dogger in 

 this district has vertical stems of Equisetites. The Middle Estua- 



3 C. Fox-Strangways, " The Geology of the Oolitic and Cretaceous Rocks 

 South of Scarborough," Mem. Geol. Surv., 1880, p. 5 ; " The Geology of the 

 Oolitic and Liassic Rocks to the North and West of Malton," Memoirs, 1881, 

 p. 8 ; the same and G. Barrow, " The Geology of the Country between Whitby 

 and Scarborough," 1882, pp. 31, 32. 



