36 STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 



Triassic coals of Queensland are high-grade bituminous as are those 

 from the Upper Trias of Austria and Virginia. 



Cannel has been reported from the Jura of Alaska, but Collier 

 saw none. Cannel, however, is certainly present in the Steierdorf- 

 Anina field of the Hungarian Lias. Hantken has given the proxi- 

 mate analysis of two samples from the Hauptflotz, which show 



Moisture i-io Volatile 53.77 



2.60 55.91 



Ash 14.67 Fixed carbon 46.23 



22.00 44.09 



The cannel is evidently in lenses, as at other localities this seam 

 has only bituminous coal. In the same field, the Middle (?) Lias 

 has a great mass of black shale, portions of which yield from 3 to 7 

 per cent, of crude oil, from which paraffin and illuminating oil are 

 obtained. In Siberia the Lower Lias coal of the Angora River field 

 is mostly of boghead type, while in the Ipswich or upper Jura- 

 Trias of Queensland cannel or " oil coal " is present in a large area. 

 Jack has given three analyses of the material : 



The seams at Clifton are separated by a considerable interval, which 

 holds a seam of caking bituminous coal. Cannel prevails in the 

 Walloon district where some of it is rich, that at Jimbour yielding 

 about '^J gallons per ton. 



The coals vary greatly in tendency to cake. Collier reports that 

 none of the Alaska coals tested for him gives a coke. His samples, 

 however, were collected mostly from outcrops, where leaching had 

 been energetic during a long period. " Crop coal," even in the 

 Connellsville region of southwest Pennsylvania, yields only a 

 wretched coke. In Austria and Hungary many seams have caking 

 coal but that from others is non-caking. In Siberia, the coals of the 

 Tcheremkhovo and Grande-Bira fields are caking but that of the 

 great Tchoulym field gives only pulverulent coke. The Jura-Trias 

 coals of Queensland are caking in some instances, non-caking in 



