STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 21 



Upper Keuper. The whole mass is apparently without coal. The 

 sandstones in very many cases are false bedded, suggesting wind- 

 drift structures ; footprints abound at numerous localities. The 

 general features have led some English geologists to believe that the 

 Trias of that country was formed during desert conditions. On the 

 continent, coal was formed during the Upper Keuper as well as in 

 the Lower or Kohlenkeuper. There appears to be none in the Mus- 

 chelkalk or Bunter sandstone. Salt and gypsum are in the marls of 

 Upper Bunter, footprints are numerous in the Middle, while the 

 sandstones of the Lower Bunter are usually false bedded and foot- 

 prints are abundant. As in England, the Bunter of north and cen- 

 tral Germany passes gradually downward into the Permian. 



Sweden. — Coal is present in the Rhsetic of Sweden. Hebert^® 

 states that at Ramloesa, 4 or 5 kilometers southeast from Helsing- 

 borg, he measured a section of somewhat more than 240 feet, con- 

 sisting mostly of black shale, with a streak of coal, 2 centimeters, 

 at the top, and another, 3 decimeters, at the base. The latter was 

 mined. The shales associated with this coal yielded no plant re- 

 mains to Hebert, but other collectors had obtained specimens, which 

 are in the museum at Lund. Plant impressions were seen in a 

 sandstone, midway in the section. Plant structure is distinct in 

 the coal. Geikie,^^ summarizing results obtained in this region by 

 Nathorst, E. Erdmann and G. Lindstrom, says that the area of 

 these Rha^tic beds is about 250 square miles. They have been 

 divided into a lower, freshwater group, containing workable coal 

 seams, and an upper, marine group with only poor coal but abun- 

 dant marine organisms. Clay ironstone occurs in the lower group 

 and beds of fireclay underlie the coal seams. 



France. — Servier"° described the Keuper area of the Vosges, 

 northeastern France. The Upper Keuper is triple ; variegated marls 

 on top, dolomitic limestone in the middle ; the lower division is 

 (i) variegated marl, 1.50; (2) micaceous sandstone, more or less 



28 E. Hebert, "Notes sur les gres infraliassiques de Scanie (Suede)," 

 Bull. Soc. Geol. France, II., Vol. 27, 1870, pp. 366-376. 



29 A. Geikie, "Text-Book of Geology," 3d ed., 1893, PP- 870, 871. 



30 M. Servier, " Notes geologiques sur les mines de houille de Norroy 

 (Vosges)," Bull. Soc. hid. Min., t. IV., 1858-59, pp. 384-398. 



