12 STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 



with 25 to 28 workable seams. The thicknesses vary greatly and, 

 at times, the rapid increase of earthy matter renders an important 

 seam worthless. Mining operations are extensive and the horizons 

 have been correlated closely. The succession of the thicker seams 

 from below upward is 



I. and II., 24 to 36 inches, mostly unworkable; 



III., IV., VI., 36 to 48 inches, one half to three fourths good coal ; 



VII., VIII., IX., 24 to 30 inches, occasionally too thin for working ; 



X., 18 to 24 inches, a hard coal ; 



XIII. to XIX., 12 to 24 inches, light, caking coal ; 



XX., 20 to 60 inches, coal similar to the last ; 



XXII., o to 60 inches, often absent ; 



XXIV. to XXVIII., 20 to 24 inches, coal is hard. 



Almost the whole of the formation was crossed in the tunnel 

 at Vasas, where 174 seams were crossed in 717 meters. The total 

 thickness of coal is 52 meters, but one half of it is unavailable be- 

 cause the seams are too thin or the coal is impure. 39 seams, with 

 thickness of somewhat more than 14 meters, are marked as con- 

 taining dirty coal. 



The mining districts are Fiinfkirchen, Szabolcs and Vasas. In 

 the Fiinfkirchen district, dips are 30 to 50 degrees and seams less 

 than one foot are rarely mined ; those of more than 2 feet are usually 

 divided by partings. The mass, numbered XI. and XII. in the Vasas 

 tunnel, consists of (i) clean coal, 0.40; (2) shale, 0.25; (3) clean 

 coal, 0.40; (4) carbonaceous shale, 0.45; (5) clean coal, 0.48; (6) 

 carbonaceous shale, 0.05; (7) clean coal, 0.25; (8) carbonaceous 

 shale, 0.20; (9) clean coal, i.oo; (10) dirty coal, 0.60; (11) clean 

 coal, 0.60; (12) shale, 0.05; (13) clean coal, 0.40; (14) carbona- 

 ceous shale, 0.20, resting on sandstone. The roof is shale contain- 

 ing mullusks. Other seams are double or triple and the partings 

 are clay or carbonaceous shale. Of the 512 beds of rock cut by the 

 Vasas tunnel, 8 contain marine fossils ; three of them being in the 

 highest portion, 70 meters, a transition to the overlying Gryphcca 

 beds. Many marine mollusks have been obtained from the roof of 

 coal III., the floor of XVIII. and the partings of XIII. and XXII. 

 These are Ostrea, GervilUa, Panopcca, Lima and other ofif-shore 



