10 STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 



structure distinctly after treatment with Schultze's solution ; even 

 the minute details can be recognized. 



The whole region of the Lias, except locally, is much disturbed, 

 dips of 80 degrees being by no means rare, but the coal throughout 

 contains a high percentage of volatile combustible matter and yields 

 a strong coke. The Grestener deposits are very largely sandstone. 

 No freshwater fossils were noted by any of the observers but there 

 is abundant evidence of repeated invasions by the sea; the marine 

 mollusks belong to ofif-shore types. 



Hungary. — The importance of Liassic coals in Austria, where 

 land conditions became pronounced, prepares one for the great de- 

 velopment farther east in Hungary. The coal-bearing formation 

 belongs to the Lower Lias and, according to Hantken,^*^ the coals are 

 as important to Hungary as the Carboniferous coals are to Eng- 

 land, Belgium, France and Germany, the seams being thick and the 

 coal good. There are five important districts : Doman-Resicza, 

 Steierdorf-Anina, Berszaszka, Flinfkirchen-Uralja and Neustadt- 

 Torzburg ; the first three are in the Krassoer Comitate between 39 

 and 40 degrees of Longitude and between 44 and 45 degrees of 

 North Latitude and are near the Serbian border ; the fourth is near 

 the 36th meridian and the 46tli parallel, while the fifth is in Tran- 

 sylvania, close to the border of Roumania. 



Li the Doman-Resicza district the Lias rests on deposits of 

 Dyas age and the dip is from 30 to 90 degrees, at times overturned. 

 Two seams, 40 meters apart, are intercalated in the sandstone mass. 

 The thickness of each is from nothing to nearly 3 meters and the 

 variation is as marked along the strike as along the dip. ' Each has 

 clay as floor and roof, so that the coal is apt to be dirty. 



The Lias sandstone in the Steierdorf-Anina district rests on 

 Dyas. It is 160 meters thick, light in color, is almost clean quartz 

 sand with some mica and little clay or cementing material. There is 

 about 10 meters of other rock, including the coal seams. These 

 thicknesses, according to Hantken, are averages only, for all por- 

 tions of the section, especially the coal seams, are variable. Eleven 

 coal horizons were seen, of which 5 have workable scams, one to 4 



^^ M. Hantken, " Die Kohlenflotze, etc., der Ungarischen Krone," Buda- 

 pest, 1878, pp. 44-118. 



