318 WHEELER— ANT LARV/E. 



same insect the abdomen has similar organs in the form of trans- 

 verse welts. Reichensperger (1913, PI. 6, Fig. 12) describes and 

 figures the very same organs in an xA.byssinian Eucharine, Psilogaster 

 fraiidnlenta, which lives with Pheidole mcgaccphala, and suggests 

 that they may be exudate organs. Forel (1890) had previously 

 mentioned similar structures ("asperites et boussoufiflures ") on the 

 pupa of the large EucJiaris myrmecice taken from the cocoon of an 

 Australian bulldog ant, Myrmecia forficata. On recently reexamin- 

 ing my preparations I find that the organs of Orasema viridis may 

 be interpreted as exudatoria. They are knob-shaped, with very thin 

 hypodermis and cuticle and are filled with blood but contain no fat- 

 tissue, although the fat-body in the abdomen and thorax is .very 

 voluminous. In life the knobs are colorless and glistening. Both 

 the pseudonymphs and pupae are assiduously licked by their host, 

 Pheidole instahiUs, so that the knobs of the former and the welts of 

 the latter probably produce substances agreeable to the ants.^ 



The other group of Hymenoptera comprises the singular South 

 African bees of the genus Allodape. In 1902 Brauns showed that 

 they make very primitive nests, consisting of a single cavity, often 

 12 cm. long, in the stems of various Liliaceous plants, but unlike all 

 other solitary bees, feed their larvze from day to day with " Futter- 

 brei " (honey-soaked pollen?). In the warmer portions of Cape 

 Colony and German Southwest Africa Allodape breeds throughout 

 the year. The single cavity of the nest contains eggs, larvas in all 

 stages, pup?e and freshly emerged bees intermingled. The larvae 

 are unique among bees in possessing peculiar tubercles on the sides 

 of the fifth to tenth segments. Friese (1914) publishes photographs 

 of some rather shrivelled half-grown larvae and describes the tu- 

 bercles as " bladderlike evaginations of the outer skin." Brauns 

 seems to regard them as legs (pseudopods) and says that they are 

 used to hold the food, but it seems probable that they are really 



8 While this paper was in the hands of the printer Dr. R. J. Tillj-ard of 

 New South Wales sent me the larvae, pupse and an adult male of a huge un- 

 described Eucharine, which he found attacking the brood of the red bulldog 

 ant {Myrmecia gulosa). Prof. C. T. Brues believes that the parasite may 

 belong to the genus Psilogaster and will describe it in the near future. The 

 larvae and pupse are covered with exudatoria like those of Orasona but more 

 prominently developed. 



