UPPER TENNESSEE DRAINAGE. 539 



1834 and 1836, and the name of costafa has been used by Kuester and 

 Reeve. Moreover, the true U. undnlatns Barnes, '23, is actually U . 

 heros Say, '29. U. plicatus Say, 1817, is the Lake Erie form 

 (^^=hippopceus Lea, '45), and costata Raf. of the Ohio drainage, 

 apparently is the ancestral form to this. But according to the laws 

 of priority, plicatus, although being a local race, has to stand as the 

 main species. 



Generally distributed in the upper Tennessee drainage, in Powell, 

 Clinch, lower Emory, Holston, French Broad, Nolichucky rivers, 

 lower Little River, and Tennessee proper. Goes up to Shawanee, 

 Claiborne Co., Tenn., in the Powell; to Cleveland, Russell Co., Va., 

 in the Clinch; to Hilton, Scott Co., Va., in North Fork Holston; 

 and Pactolus, Sullivan Co., Tenn., in South Fork Holston ; to the 

 mouth of the Nolichucky at Chunn's Shoals, Hamblen Co., Tenn. 

 It also occasionally enters some rather small streams, for instance : 

 Poplar Creek, Roane Co., and Boyd Creek, at Boyd Creek, Sevier 

 Co., Tenn. 



Type locality: Ohio River (Raf.) (according to Vanatta, the 

 type is from small creeks in Kentucky). 



Genus: Quadrula Rafinesque, 1820. 

 Ortmann, 1912&, p. 250. 



13. Quadrula pustulosa (Lea), 1831. 



Obliqiiaria bullata Refinesque, '20. — Unio pustulosns Lea, '31. — 

 Unio pernodosus and U. pustulosns Lewis, '71. — Unio pustulosns 

 and sphcericus Pilsbry & Rhoads, '96. — Quadrula pustulosa Ort- 

 mann, '12b, p. 251 (anatomy). — Quadrida pustidosa Simpson, 

 '14, p. 848. 



According to Vanatta ('15, pp. 556, 557), Obliqiiaria retusa Raf., 

 '20, "probably" is U. piistidosus Lea, '31, and O. bullata Raf., '20, 

 is U. pernodosus Lea, '45 : but the latter is not different from pustu- 

 losns. The identity of 0. bullata and U. pustidosus has been asserted 

 by Conrad in 1834, and is evident from Rafinesque's description. 

 Also Kuester and Reeve have used the name of bidlatus. However, 

 as Vanatta points out, the specific name bullata is preoccupied by 



