23 



THE ONTOGENESIS OF SEXUAL 

 BEHAVIOR IN MAN 



John L. H amp son, M.D. 



ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PSYCHIATRY AND PEDIATRICS, THE JOHNS 

 HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 



and 

 Joan G. Hampson, M.D. 



ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PSYCHIATRY AND PEDIATRICS, THE JOHNS 

 HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 



I. Introduction 1401 I. Introduction 



II. Heredity, Environment and the 



Instinct Controversy 1401 Adam and Eve — the ancient account of 



A. Animals Studies and Human Sex their creation is firmly anchored in our cul- 



R T^u^'rf T' V P ■ Au\^. ■ !im ^^^^^ traditions as symbolic of the primeval 



a. 1 he Critical renod Hypothesis. .. .1404 cr^^^,.^^-^^,^^r. r™ i i r i -i-^T , •, • 



C. Imprinting 1404 separateness of male and female. Plato, it is 



III. The Establishment of Psychologic ^^^^> re-endorsed an ancient legend of the 



Sex 1400 original hermaphroditism of Man, and 



A. The Evidence of Human Her- Freud rehabilitated for Science a bisexual 



niaphroditism 1406 concept of the human psyche. Yet the di- 



1. Chromosomal sex 408 ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^j^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ .^ ^^ entrenched 



z. ijonaclai sex l4Uo . ,, ■ i i m i , 



3. Hormonal sex 1409 ^^ colloquial philosophy that even in rigor- 



4. Internal accessory organs 1410 o^s scientific thinking it is difficult to tran- 



5. External genital appearance 1411 scend. 



6. Assigned sex and rearing 1413 Embryologists have long known of the 



7. Psychologic sex: gender role. .1413 original developmental hermaphroditism of 



B. The Influence of the Physical Sex the human fetus. It is well established by 



Variables on the Establishment of biochemists that the sex hormones are 



lender Kole: Body Image 1414 , , i ■ • j^i • i • ■, , 



C. Social Learning and Gender Role . . . 1415 f^^'^^^f f,^^" ^^ ^^^'l chemical structure. Al- 



1. Social environment and the es- though the overlap between male and female 



tablishment of gender role .... 1417 ^as been conceded, psychosexual orienta- 



2. Gender role rehearsal 1419 tion in the two sexes has, in the final analy- 



3. Gender role identification and sis, been attributed to two separate instincts. 



gender role preference 1420 These instincts have been vaguely ascribed 



IV. Parental Behavior IN Humans 1421 to innate and constitutional sources. The 

 v. 1 HE Sexual Cycle IN Women : Pyscho- ;j„„ f ^ , , i x tx 



SEXUAL Concomitants 1423 '^'t °^, ^ complete psychosexual neutrality 



VI. Disorders of Psychologic Sex; ^" ^^e human infant seemed too farfetched 



Psychopathology 1425 ^o be entertained seriously. 



A. Gender Role Distortions 1425 it u i'» r • . i ^i 



r. TT u J , _ J Tj 1 **• Heredity, fcinvironment and the 



B. Hermaphroditism and Psvchopa- ^ V ^ 



thology 1428 Instinct Controversy 



VII. Concluding Remarks 1429 Since the beginning of history man has 



VIII. References 1430 assumed himself to be separate and apart 



1401 



