1408 



HORMONAL REGULATION OF BEHAVIOR 



TABLE 23.2 

 Sex chromatin pattern and rearing contradictory: 20 cases 



Additional Data 



third of the cases sexual hair fails to appear despite 

 normal adult estrogen levels. Diagnosis requires 

 gonadal biopsy and the demonstration of a male 

 sex chromatin pattern. Familial incidence in sev- 

 eral generations is common. 



The following findings and conclusions 

 emerged from the study^ of a series of over 

 110 hermaphroditic individuals. The tables 

 do not include an entry for every single 

 patient. Some of the patients were too young 

 at the time of study for meaningful conclu- 

 sions to be drawn; others failed in one or 

 another detail to fulfill the criteria neces- 

 sary for inclusion. On the other hand, some 

 patients, because of their multiple hermaph- 

 roditic manifestations, ciualified for inclu- 

 sion in more than one of the following tables. 



1. Chromosomal Sex 



There were 20 patients in this series of 

 hermaphroditic individuals who had been 

 assigned to and reared in a sex contrary to 



"Under the aegis of John C. Whitehorn, Pro- 

 fessor of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Univer- 

 sity. The research was supported by grants from 

 the Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation, and the Public 

 Health Service (USPHS Grant M-1557). 



their sex chromatin pattern as established 

 by skin biopsy or the buccal smear tech- 

 nique (Grumbach and Barr, 1958)." With- 

 out a single exception, it was found that the 

 gender role and orientation as man or 

 woman, boy or girl was in accordance with 

 the assigned sex and rearing rather than in 

 accord with the chromosomal sex (Table 

 23.2 ) . It seems convincingly clear, therefore,, 

 that gender role, orientation as male or fe- 

 male, does not correspond automatically 

 with the chromosomal sex; rather, it is in 

 some way related to assigned sex and rear- 

 ing. 



'3. Gonadal Sex 



There were 30 hermaphroditic patients in 

 whom a contradiction was found between 



• Tables 23.2 through 23.7 are revisions of tabu- 

 lar material published earlier (Money, Hampson 

 and Hampson, 1955b) and include patients studied 

 since the original report. The authors are indebted 

 to John Money, Ph.D., for his part in collecting 

 psychologic data on which the tables are based. 

 The responsibility, however, for the additions to- 

 and modifications of the earlier tables was assumed 

 by the authors of this chapter. 



