988 



SPERM, OVA, AND PREGNANCY 



needed, the present results are very promis- 

 ing for the "frog-sperm" test and if the 

 seasonal effect can be eliminated, this test 

 will be the equal of the other four. 

 VII. Water and Electrolyte Balance 

 The changes in the various components of 

 the blood during pregnancy have been de- 

 scribed in a number of species (Tables 16.7 

 and 16.8). It is generally agreed that a 



marked increase in the blood and plasma 

 volume and a decrease in the relative 

 amounts of erythrocytes and hemoglobin 

 occur during the last trimester. Inasmuch 

 as the increase in the plasma volume in man 

 exceeds the concurrent increase in the total 

 cell volume, the resultant hemodilution pro- 

 duces an anemia which has been described 

 as the "physiologic'' anemia of jM-egnancy. 



TABLE l(i.7 

 The average percentage of change in the constituents of the blood and in the extracellular fluid volume during 



normal pregnancy in man 



Extra- 

 cellular 

 space 



Adams, 1954. 



Bibb. 1941 



Caton, Robv, Reid and Gib- 

 son, 2nd, "l949 



Caton, Roby, Reid, Caswell. 

 Maletskos, Fluharty and 

 Gibson, 1951 



Chesley, 1943 



Dieckmann and Wegner, 



1934a, b, c, d 



Ferguson, 1950 



Freis and Kenny, 1948 



Friedman, Goodfriend, Berlin 



and Goldstein, 1951 



Ganguli, 1954 



Gemzell, Robbe and Sjos- 

 trand, 1954 



Hamilton and Higgins, 1949. . 



Jarosova and Daum, 1951 ... 



Lambiotte-Escoffier, Moore 

 and Tavlor, Jr.. 1953 



Lund, 1951 



McLennan and Corey, 1950.. 



McLennan and Thouin, 1948. . 



Miller, Keith and Rownetree, 

 1915 



Mukherjee and Mukherjee, 

 1953 



Roscoe and Donaldson, 1946. 



Thompson, Hersheimer, Gib- 

 son and Evans, Jr., 1938 . . . 



Tysoe and Lowenstein, 1950 . 



White, 1950 



59 



25 



15 



Blood 

 vol- 

 ume 



49 

 None 



45 



23 



30 



59 



32 



Plas- 

 ma 

 vol- 

 ume 



22 



49 



55 



25 



32 



Total 

 hemo- 

 globin 



20 



59 



20 



Hema- 

 tocrit 



10 



15 



10 



12 



16 



RBC 



count 



14 



21 



22 



Gram % 

 hemoglobin 



25 



15 



25% in 

 50% of 

 patients 



10 



Time of Determinat 

 in Pregnancy 



6th week antepar- 

 tum 

 3rd trimester 



3rd trimester 



60 days antepar 



tum 

 3rd trimester 



3rd trimester 



3rd trimester 



At term 



Throughout preg- 

 nancy 



8th week antepar- 

 tum 



3 months antepar- 

 tum 



9th monlli 



10th lunar month 

 3rd trimester 

 10th lunar month 

 At term 



3rd trimester 



3rd trimester 

 3rd trimester 



9th lunar month 



At term 



3rd trimester 



