17 



ENDOCRINOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION IN 

 COLD-BLOODED VERTEBRATES 



Thomas R. Forbes, Ph.D. 



SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, YALE UNIVERSITY, 

 NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT 



I. Introduction 1035 This chapter resulted from an effort to bring 



II. Testis and Spermatogenesis 1035 together some of this information. In gen- 



Vv. ExcuTrent R™a."s''f^^^^ 1039 ^ral, the approach has been to discuss as- 



V. Secretory Specializations OF Mes- pects of the structure and function of the 



oNEPHRos AND Metanephros. . . 1040 rcproductive tract and later to outline what 



VI. Intromittent Organ 1041 ig known regarding their endocrine control. 



^'"' ^^^ll^J'"'''-^'''^^'' Structures in ^^^^ ^j^^, attempt has been both to correlate what 



VIII. Effects' OF Orchiectomy.;......'. 1044 is known and to indicate what must still 



IX. Effects OF Androgens 1045 be explored. Several possible topics have 



X. External Transport of Eggs and been omitted, either because they are dealt 



^ ouNG 1047 with elsewhere in this volume (see chapters 



XI. Ovary; Ovogenesis; Ovulation.. 1048 ^ ^ ^ ^^j^j Blandau, Bishop, 



XII. Sources of Estrogens 1050 ■' , ^' ' '. ' ^' 



XIII. Oviduct; Egg Transport 1051 doling) or because, arbitrarily, they were 



XIV. Other Specializatio.ns IN Females 1052 considered to be outside the scope of this 

 XV. Effects of Ovarikc tdmy 1052 review. References in most cases have been 



XVI. Effects of Estrogens AND Proges- ^^^^j ^^ ^ representative but not total 



XVII. terone 1053 u ■ r^ ■ ■ j j 



Fertilization; Sperm Storage in ^asis. Generic names since superseded are 



XVIII. Females 1054 retained, although usually in parentheses, 



Oviparity AND Ovovi viPARiTY . . 1056 to asslst tlic reader who seeks out the origi- 



XIX. Viviparity 1057 y^^\ paper 



XX. Corpus Luteum .^ ^ 1058 Special" attention is directed to the par- 



XXI. Developmental Basis for Sexual ^- \ ^ ^ , ,• • , . ' „ 



XXII. Dimorphism 1060 ticularly useful discussions and reviews of 



Spontaneous Adult Hermaphro- Cunningham (1900), Bridge (1910), Noble 



XXIII. ditism AND Sex Reversal 1062 (1931), Regnier (1938), Vols0e (1944), 



Experimental Sex Reversal 1065 Bretschneider and Duyvene de Wit (1947), 



^xxv! References. :;::::::::::.:; 1070 po^^e (1949) , Hoar ( 1955, 1957a) , Marshall 



(1956), Harrison ]\Iatthews and Marshall 



I. Introduction (1956), and Pickford and Atz (1957). To 



The cold-blooded vertebrates, particu- t^!^''^^ ^."^ ™^y. ^^h^r sources and to the 



larly fish and reptiles, are forms studied l)v ^^■^•^;: "^^*/f .«Vf "^^^^^^^"'^1^^ ^^'^ ^''^^'^' '' 



relatively few investigators of reproductive l>''oioundly indebted, 



endocrinology. Even so, enough information H. Testis and Spermatogenesis 

 has accumulated to emphasize that prob- 



Icnis ill the biology of reproduction of the '^ 



lowci- \'ertebrates are varied, phylogeneti- The six'rmatogenetic process is seasonal 



cally significant, and altogether fascinating, in some fish and more or less continuous in 



1035 



