1154 



SUBMAMMALIAN VERTEBRATES 



a recording pen. Blood pressure is taken 

 from the ischiatic vein. Injections of the 

 assay material are made in the crural vein. 

 Material can be injected at 3- to 5-minute 

 intervals and materials or doses can be used 

 in any desired sequence. A drop in blood 

 pressure of 20 to 40 mm. Hg (Thorp, 1950) 

 is caused by 0.2 units of oxytocin. 



Androgen. Assays for androgen activity 

 can be made with capons and with baby 

 chicks. Dorfman (1950) has given a de- 

 tailed account of the methods used and their 

 sensitivity. Also part of the problems in- 

 volved in the bioassay have been discussed 

 previously in this chapter. 



A very sensitive method which does not 

 seem to have been used very extensively is 

 the sparrow bill test. Either adult females or 

 adult castrated males can be used. Local ap- 

 plications of as little as 1.0 fig. testosterone 

 in 16 divided doses will evoke a response in 

 4 of 6 castrated males. The response con- 

 sists of blackening of the bill. 



Acknowledgements. I would like to ac- 

 knowledge the great help received from Dr. 

 R. E. Phillips. He has discussed many points 

 of avian biology with me and has greatly 

 improved the manuscript by suggesting 

 changes in grammar, as well as by pointing 

 out ambiguities in the original draft. Thanks 

 are also due to Dr. Richard iM. Fraps, who 

 in spite of sickness, showed interest in this 

 paper while it was being written and who 

 encouraged me to undertake this assignment. 

 Finally, my thanks to my wife for encour- 

 agement and much help in completing a 

 large, but short-time assignment. 



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