1. MALONATE 



Table 1-2 

 Ionization Constants of Dicarboxylic Acids " 



Acid 



pKa, 



P^., 



Oxalic 



Malonic 



Succinic 



Glutaric 



Adipic 



Pimelic 



Methylmalonic 



Ethylmalonic 



Dimethylmalonic 



Diethylmalonic 



n.-Propylmalonic 



i«o-Propylmalonic 



Methylethylmalonic 



Di-w-propylraalonic 



Phenylmalonic 



Hydroxymalonic (tartronic) 



Maleic 



Methylmaleic (citraconic) 



Fumaric 



Methylfumaric (mesaconic) 



Malic 



Tartaric 



2,2 '-Dimethylsuccinic 



2,2 '-Diethylsuccinic 



Tetramethylsuccinic 



Methylenesuccinic (itaconic) 



Cyclopropane- 1 , 1 -dicarboxylic 

 Cyclobutane- 1 , 1 -dicarboxylic 

 Cyclopentane- 1 , 1 -dicarboxylic 

 Cyclohexane- 1 , 1 -dicarboxylic 

 <raw5-Cyclopropanedicarboxylic 

 cis-Cyclopropanedicarboxylic 

 frarw-Cyclopentanedicarboxylic 

 <raws-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic 



Phthalic 

 Isophthalic 



" These values have been obtained from a variety of sources and have been corrected 

 to a temperature of 37° and an ionic strength of 0.15 so as to be applicable to physio- 

 logical conditions. These corrections were obtained from studies on the variations of 

 dicarboxylic ionization constants with temperature and ionic strength (e.g. AdeU, 

 1940). They are not absolutely correct but probably allow a closer approximation 

 than the values in the literature, which are usually for 25° and extrapolated to zero 

 ionic strength. 



