METABOLISM OF MALONATE 



225 



Source of malonate 



Reference 



Achromobader guttatum 

 Nocardia corallina 

 Penicillium funiculosum 

 Aspergillus niger 



Phaseolus vulgaris (bush bean) 



Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean) 

 Wheat plants 



Bunias orientalis (Cruciferae) 

 Tobacco leaves 



Lucerne (green alfalfa) 



Hevea brasiliensis 



Helianthus annus 



Umbelliferae {Anthriscus and Apium) 



Leguminosae (18 species) 



Rat urine 



Dog urine 

 Human urine 



Sguros and Hartsell (1952a) 



i.ara (1952) 



Igarasi (1939) 



Challenger et al. (1927) Walker 



et al. (1927), Subramanian 



et al. (1929) 

 Young and Shannon (1959), 



Rhoads and Wallace (1957), 



Huffaker and Wallace (1961) 

 Bentley (1952) 



Nelson and Hasselbring (1931) 

 Jermstad and Jensen (1951) 

 Wada and Kobashi (1953), Bel- 



lin and Smeby (1958), Vickery 



and Palmer (1956 b, 1957), 



Vickery (1959) 

 Turner and Hartman (1925) 

 Fournier et al. (1961) 

 Bentley (1952) 

 Bentley (1952) 

 Bentley (1952) 

 Stalder (1958), Thomas and 



Stalder (1958) 

 Thomas and Kalbe (1953) 

 Stalder (1958) 



1957; Stalder, 1958; Thomas and Stalder, 1958). Ethylmalonate has been 

 found in rat and human urine (Stalder, 1959). Hydroxymalonate (tartronate) 

 occurs in Acetohacter (Stafford, 1956) and malonic semialdehyde in Pseudo- 

 monas (Nakamura and Bernheim, 1961). 



The concentrations of malonate in plant tissues are often surprisingly 

 high. The legumes and umbellifers analyzed by Bentley (1952) contain 

 0.5-2 mg/g fresh tissue. These values correspond to 7-30 raM malonate if 

 distributed uniformly throughout the tissue water. The stems of the runner 

 bean {Phaseolus coccineus) contain 2.1 mg/g and the expressed juice of the 

 stem is 30 milf in malonate. Since 20 raM malonate at pH 4.5 inhibits the 

 respiration of these stems 50% and causes accumulation of succinate, one 

 would expect the metabolism in these plants to be constantly suppressed 

 by the malonate, unless the malonate is in some manner segregated from 

 the metabolic systems. Soldatenkov and Mazurova (1957) reported similar 



