PROTOMONADINA 351 



T. equiperdum Doflein (Fig. 145, /). In horses and donkeys; 

 causes "dourine," a chronic disease; widely distributed; 25-30> 

 long; no intermediate host; transmission takes place directly from 

 host to host during sexual act. Nuclear division (Roskin and Schisch., 

 1928). 



T. hippicum Darling. In horses and mules in Panama; the cause 

 of "murrina" or "derrengadera"; 16-18/x long; posterior end obtuse; 

 mechanically transmitted by flies; experimentally various domestic 

 and wild animals are susceptible, but calf is refractory (Darling, 

 1910, 1911). Serological tests (Taliaferro and Taliaferro, 1934). 



T. lewisi (Kent) (Figs. 142; 145, g). In the blood of rats; widely 

 distributed; about 30m long; body slender with a long flagellum; 

 transmitted by the flea Ceratophyllus fasciatus, in which the organism 

 undergoes multiplication and form change (Fig. 142); when a rat 

 swallows freshly voided faecal matter of infected fleas containing 

 the metacyclic organisms, it becomes infected. Many laboratory 

 animals are refractory to this trypanosome, but guinea pigs are 

 susceptible (Laveran and Mesnil, 1901: Coventry, 1929). Variation 

 and inheritance of size (Taliaferro, 1921, 1921a, 1923); reproduction- 

 inhibiting reaction product (Taliaferro, 1924, 1932) ; nuclear division 

 (Wolcott, 1952). 



T. neotomae Wood (? T. triatomae Kofoid and McCulloch). In 

 wood rats, Neotoma fuscipes annectens and N. f. macrotis; resembles 

 T. lewisi; about 29m long; blepharoplast large, rod-form; free flagel- 

 lum relatively short; the development in the vector flea Orchopeas 

 W. wickhami, similar to that of T. lewisi; experimentally Norway 

 rats are refractory (and wood rats are refractory to T. lewisi (Fae D. 

 Wood, 1936)); comparative morphology of trypanosomes which oc- 

 cur in California rodents and shrews (Davis, 1952). 



T. duttoni Thiroux. In the mouse; similar to T. lewisi, but rats are 

 said not to be susceptible, hence considered as a distinct species; 

 transmission by fleas. Antibodies (Taliaferro, 1938). 



T. peromysci Watson. Similar to T. lewisi; in Canadian deer mice, 

 Peromyscus maniculatus and others. 



T. nabiasi Railliet. Similar to T. lewisi; in rabbits, Lepus do- 

 mesticus and L. cuniculus. 



T. paddae Laveran and Mesnil. In Java sparrow, Munia oryzi- 

 vora. 



T. noctuae (Schaudinn). In the owl Athene noctua. 

 Numerous other species occur in birds (Novy and MacNeal, 1905; 

 Laveran and Mesnil, 1912; Wenyon, 1926). Crocodiles, snakes and 

 turtles are also hosts for trypanosomes (Roudabush and Coatney, 



