PROTOMONADINA 357 



often found, and even leptomonad forms have been reported from 

 the scrapings of lesions. The insect vectors are Phlebotomus papa- 

 tasii (p. 355), P. scrgenti and others. Direct transmission through 

 wounds in the skin also takes place. The lesion appears first as a 

 small papula on skin; it increases in size and later becomes ulcerated. 

 Microscopically an infiltration of corium and its papillae by lympho- 

 cytes and macrophages is noticed; in ulcerated lesions leishmania 

 bodies are found in the peripheral zone and below the floor of the 

 ulcers. 



L. brasiliensis Vianna. This organism causes Espundia, Bubos, or 

 American or naso-oral leishmaniasis, which appears to be con- 

 fined to South and Central America. It has been reported from 

 Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Venezuela, 

 Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, and Mexico. 



Its morphological characteristics are identical with those of L. 

 tropica, and a number of investigators combine the two species into 

 one. However, L. brasiliensis produces lesions in the mucous mem- 

 brane of the nose and mouth. Vectors appear to be Phlebotomus 

 intermedins, P. panamensis and other species of the genus. Direct 

 transmission through wounds is also possible. Fuller and Geiman 

 (1942) find Citellus tridecemlineatus a suitable experimental animal. 



Family 6 Cryptobiidae Poche 



Biflagellate trypanosome-like pro to monads; 1 flagellum free, the 

 other marks outer margin of undulating membrane; blepharoplast 

 an elongated rod-like structure, often referred to as the parabasal 

 body; all parasitic. 



Genus Cryptobia Leidy (Trypanoplasma Laveran and Mesnil). 

 Parasitic in the reproductive organ of molluscs (Leidy, 1846) and 

 other invertebrates; also in the blood of fishes. 



C. helicis L. (Fig. 149, a-c). In the reproductive organ of various 

 species of pulmonate snails: Triodopsis albolabris, T. tridentata, 

 Anguispira alternata (Leidy, 1846), Helix aspersa, and Monadenia 

 fidelis (Kozloff, 1948); 16-26.5 M by 1.5-3.3/x. Morphology and cul- 

 ture (Schindera, 1922). 



C. borreli (Laveran and Mesnil) (Fig. 149, d, e). In blood of various 

 freshwater fishes such as Catostomus, Cyprinus, etc.; 20-25/x long 

 (Mavor, 1915). 



C. cyprini (Plehn) (Fig. 149, /). In blood of carp and goldfish; 

 10-30/z long; rare. 



C. grobbeni (Keysselitz). In coelenteric cavity of Siphonophora; 

 about 65/x by 4/x. 



