EUCILIATA, HOLOTRICHA 691 



Suborder 1 Astomata Schewiakoff 



The ciliates placed in this suborder possess no cytostome, although 

 there may occur a slit-like organella which has been looked upon as 

 a vestigial cytostome. The body ciliation is usually uniform. Asexual 

 division is carried on by transverse fission and often by budding 

 which results in chain formation. Sexual reproduction is conjugation 

 and in some encystment is known. These organisms are parasitic 

 in various invertebrates living in fresh or salt water. Taxonomy 

 (Cepede, 1910, 1923; Cheissin, 1930; Heidenreich, 1935; Delphy, 

 1936); skeletal structures (Rossolimo and Perzewa, 1929); Argyrome 

 (Puytorac, 1951). 



Without attaching organellae or skeletal structures 



Macronucleus round to elongate Family 1 Anoplophryidae 



Macronucleus irregular network Family 2 Opalinopsidae (p. 694) 



With attaching organellae or skeletal structures 



Contractile vacuole, a long dorsal canal; usually with a sucking or- 

 ganella . Family 3 Haptophryidae (p. 694) 



Contractile vacuoles not canal-like; with various attaching organellae 

 or skeletal structures Family 4 Intoshellinidae (p. 696) 



Family 1 Anoplophryidae Cepede 



Genus Anoplophrya Stein (Collinia Cepede). Oval, elongate, 

 ellipsoid or cylindrical; macronucleus ovoid to cylindrical; micro- 

 nucleus small; one to several contractile vacuoles; ciliation dense 

 and uniform; in coelom and gut of Annelida and Crustacea. Numer- 

 ous species (Rossolimo, 1926). 



A. marylandensis Conklin (Fig. 296, a). 36-72ju by 16-42ju; in the 

 intestine of Lumbricus terrestris and Helodrilus caliginosus; Balti- 

 more, Maryland (Conklin, 1930). 



A. orchestii Summers and Kidder (Fig. 296, b). Polymorphic ac- 

 cording to size; pyriform to broadly ovoid; 7-45 ciliary rows meri- 

 dional, unequally spaced, and more on one surface; macronucleus 

 voluminous, a compact micro nucleus; body 6-68/z long; in the sand- 

 flea, Orchestia agilis; Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Summers and 

 Kidder, 1936). 



Genus Rhizocaryum Caullery and Mesnil. With hollowed ventral 

 surface which serves for attachment; macronucleus drawn out like a 

 tree-root. One species. 



R. concavum C. and M. (Fig. 296, c). In the gut of Polydora caeca 

 and P. flava (polychaetes). 



Genus Metaphrya Ikeda. Pyriform, anterior end bent slightly 

 to one side; 12 longitudinal ciliary furrows; below ectoplasm, a 



