58 



ANIMAL ECOLOGY 



ADULT HERRING 



Fig. 3. — Diagram showing the general food relations of the herring to 

 other members of the North Sea plankton community. Note the effect of 

 herring size at different ages upon its food. (From Hardy.^^^) 



KirriwAKG 

 cuiulemots 



FULMA(\ PErO.EL 

 UTTue AUK 



INOKTHEFW e.ll>afK 

 LOM<;-rAil.e3> jMrfCK 



Fr^J«» Wo-ter 



X 



T/\Rl>(<;HA2>A 



OLICOCHAET-A 



NfiMATOiA 



»--rw<. t.i.tf< 



Fig. 4. — Food-cycle among the animals on Bear Island, a barren spot 

 in the arctic zone, south of Spitsbergen. (The dotted lines represent 

 probable food relations not yet proved.) The best way to read the 

 diagram is to start at " marine animals "and follow the arrows. (From 

 Summerhayes and Elton. ^^) 



