PLANTS AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 59 



rapidly. Quinaldine is not known to be highly toxic to 

 warm blooded animals and is not considered to be 

 carcinogenic (Muench 1958). 



M.S. 222-Sandoz has been widely used as an 

 anesthetic for fishes. It has a number of desirable 

 traits but is considerably more expensive than quinal- 

 dine. It is used at concentrations as high as 1 to 1,000. 

 For more details the reader is referred to the bulletin 

 "M.S. 222-Sandoz, The Anesthetic of Choice in Work 

 with Cold-Blooded Animals/' pubhshed by Sandoz 

 Pharmaceuticals, Hanover, N. J. 



Urethane is an effective drugging agent for fishes 

 and has been v^dely used, but it is not recommended 

 due to its pronounced carcinogenic property. 



Sodium cyanide wiU satisfactorily drug fishes at 

 0.5 to 1.0 p.p.m. When removed to fresh water, fishes 

 drugged with cyanide recover rapidly and exhibit no 

 after effects (Bridges 1958). Sodium cyanide is inex- 

 pensive, but, of course, is very dangerous. Death can 

 result from swallowing small amounts of the salt and 

 from breathing low concentrations of the gas, hydro- 

 gen cyanide. Hydrogen cyanide is produced in quan- 

 tity when the salt is placed in an acid solution. 



Sodium amytal has been used as a fish anesthetic, 

 but its action is so slow as to make it unsatisfactory for 

 most uses. 



Sterilization of Tanks and Equipment 



Chlorine is a highly effective and practical steril- 

 izing agent for aquarium room use. It should be used 

 at 200 p.p.m. for 30 minutes. Chlorine is available as 

 compressed gas, calcium hypochlorite, and dissolved 

 gas. Hypochlorite releases 30 to 40 percent of its 



