THE ABDOMEN AND ITS CONTENTS II5 



therefore only a summarized list of the more common of these 

 glands will be given here. 



Pineal body (in cranium), p. 126, Fig. 32. 



Pituitary gland or hypophysis cerebri (in cranium), p. 126, 



Fig. 33' ^ 



Thyroid gland, p. 93. 



Parathyroid glands, p. 93. 



Thymus gland, p. 97. 



Islands of Langerhans (in pancreas), p. 114. 



Suprarenal glands (adrenal bodies), p. 103, Fig. 29, ARG. 



Gonads (ovaries, p. 103 or testes, p. 103). 



Prostate gland, p. 118. 



F. THE URINOGENITAL SYSTEM 



In medical parlance this is frequently spoken of as the G. U. 

 (genito-urinary) system, and as these terms indicate, it com- 

 prises the urinary and reproductive systems. 



The urinary bladder lies craniad to the mons pubis. Note 

 the mesenteric attachments and its in situ relations. Extend 

 the bladder ventrad and note the ureters which are attached 

 to its craniodorsal (cervical) end and proceed from the kidneys. 



Observe the anus and external genitalia. Probe where 

 advantageous and explore the entire region; then carefully 

 loosen the skin up to these parts, but not into them. Remove 

 the fat and superficial fascia from the inguinal and pubic 

 regions and, using the cartilage knife, carefully continue the 

 abdominal incision caudad through the symphysis pubis and 

 symphysis ischii, but be careful not to mutilate the structures 

 within the pelvis. Gentle, firm pressure dorsad on the two 

 thighs should now spread the innominate bones apart easily 

 so that ready access to the pelvic viscera may be had through 

 the incised symphysis of the innominate bones. Loosen the 

 pelvic viscera from the sides of the pelvis, using the grooved 

 director for most of this work and the scalpel only when 



