52 THE SKATE 



Following these modified arches there are five branchial 

 arches each typically of five pieces which form the frame- 

 work of the gill region. 



There are other cartilages, such as the labial cartilages 

 about the nasal capsule, the antorbital, uniting the nasal 

 capsule with the end of the pectoral fin and a cartilage 

 supporting the rudimentary gill of the spiracle. 



