CHAPTER I 

 HISTORY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS 



A chronological account of the early observations of the coccus in 

 tissues, saliva, and other body fluids; first isolation and cultiva- 

 tion, and description of effects on animals; separation into types; 

 variation; and attempts to produce immune serum. 



The lanceolate, Gram-positive diplococcus, now known as the 

 chief etiological agent in lobar pneumonia and commonly 

 called Pneumococcus, has the species name Diplococcus pneu- 

 moniae, genus Diplococcaceae, tribe Streptococcaceae of the fam- 

 ily Coccaceae. 10 * During the years in which the organism has been 

 the subject of investigation, it has received many appellations 

 which are given below in chronological order. 



Monas pulmonale (Klebs) 718 1875 



Microbe septicemique du saliva (Pasteur) 1066 1881 



Pneumoniekokken (Matray) 869 " 70 1883 



Coccus lanceole de la pneumonie (Talamon) 1377 1883 



Pneumoniemikrokokken (Friedlander) 487 1883 



Pneumonie-Micrococcen (Friedlander) 490 1884 



Micrococcus Pasteuri (Sternberg) 1319 1885 



Pneumoniemikrococcus (Fraenkel) 469 1886 



Pneumococcus (Fraenkel) 469 1886 



Bacillus septicus sputigenus (Fliigge) 495 1886 



Diplokokkus lanceolatus pneumoniae (Fliigge) 495 1886 



Diplococcus pneumoniae (Weichselbaum) 1497 1886 



Bacillus salivarius septicus (Biondi) 117 1887 



Micrococcus pneumoniae crouposae (Sternberg) 1320 1887 



Streptococcus lanceolatus Pasteuri (Gamaleia) 498 1888 



Diplococcus lanceolatus (Foa, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi) 462 1888 



Virus pneumonico (Gabbi) 497 1889 



Bacterium pneumoniae (Migula) 901 1900 



Diplococcus pneumoniae Weichselbaum (Bergey) 104 1930 



In giving proper credit for the discovery of an organism it usu- 



