CONTENTS xiii 



avian serum; polyvalent serum; methods of concentrating 

 serum. Physical properties. Chill-producing factors. Po- 

 tency tests: in vivo tests; in vitro tests; correlation be- 

 tween in vitro and in vivo tests. Safety tests: routine 

 safety test; tests on mice. Final processing of serums: 

 total solids ; filtration ; bulk sterility and potency tests ; 

 dispensing and labeling; sterility tests on final contain- 

 ers ; safety and identity tests ; identity test ; records ; 

 regulations governing antipneumococcic serum. The pro- 

 duction of diagnostic serum: immune horse serum; im- 

 mune rabbit serum ; preservatives, bottling, and labeling. 

 Summary. 



XVI. SERUM TREATMENT OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA 598 



The rationale of serum therapy. Problems and limitations 

 of serum therapy. The results of serum therapy. Sum- 

 mary. 



XVII. UNSOLVED PROBLEMS 613 



Toxins. Serological types. Dissociation. Chemical con- 

 stituents of pneumococci. Virulence. Methods for the pro- 

 duction of active immunity. Chemotherapy. Immunologi- 

 cal response. Antibodies and animal species. Skin reac- 

 tions. The nature of pneumococcal antibody. Concentra- 

 tion of antipneumococcic serum. Potency tests on thera- 

 peutic serum. Summary. 



APPENDIX. SPECIAL METHODS USED IN THE STUDY OF PNEU- 

 MOCOCCUS AND IN THE PREPARATION OF ANTIPNEUMO- 

 COCCIC SERUM 623 



i. media. Pneumococcus broth for all general purposes. 

 Nutrient broth for mass cultures for the production of 

 soluble specific substances: preparation of infusion; 

 preparation of medium; growing the pneumococci. Blood 

 broth. Inulin serum water. 623 



ii. isolation of pneumococcus. Mouse method: mouse in- 

 oculation; mouse necropsy. Plating methods: preparation 

 of blood agar; use of blood agar. Blood cultures. 626 



in. type determination. Mouse method. Krumwiede 

 method. Neufeld Quellung method. Urine test: unconcen- 

 trated urine ; concentrated urine for precipitin test. 628 



IV. ISOLATION OF SEVERAL COMPONENTS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS. 



Medium for the production of culture of standard maxi- 



