xii BIOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS 



chemical nature of protective antibodies; the separation 

 of antibodies from immune serum; the estimation of pro- 

 tective antibodies. Other immunological phenomena: 

 growth of pneumococci in specific immune serum; anti- 

 blastic immunity; immunological relationships between 

 Pneumococcus and other microbic species and unrelated 

 substances. Summary. 



XII. HOST RESPONSE TO ANTIGENIC ACTION OF PNEUMO- 

 COCCUS 427 



Natural immunity: in animals; in man. Naturally induced 

 immunity: specific antibodies in the blood during pneu- 

 monia; immune substances in sputum; antagonistic sub- 

 stances in pneumococcal exudates. Artificially induced 

 immunity: active immunity; passive immunity. Allergy 

 and anaphylaxis: actively induced sensitization; passive 

 sensitization ; relation of pneumococcal allergy to pneu- 

 mococcal immunity. Dermal allergy: skin reactions in ex- 

 perimental animals; skin reactions in lobar pneumonia; 

 active and passive skin allergy ; the mechanism of dermal 

 allergy; the Shwartzman phenomenon. Summary. 



XIII. PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES 479 



Experiments on monkeys. Types of vaccines employed. 

 Dosage. Special constituents of Pneumococcus. Potency 

 tests on vaccines. Route and spacing of injections. Local 

 and systemic reactions. Appearance and duration of vac- 

 cinal immunity. Results following vaccination in man. 

 Prophylaxis. Vaccine treatment of pneumonia. 



XIV. CHEMOTHERAPY 507 



Chemical agents other than cinchona derivatives: bile; 

 soap; coal-tar dyes; metals and metallic salts; other me- 

 dicinal agents. Cinchona derivatives : effect of the various 

 quinine derivatives on pneumococci; effect on various 

 pneumococcal types; effect on pneumococcal infection; 

 adjuvant action of cinchona compounds with specific se- 

 rum; effect on virulence of Pneumococcus. Summary. 



XV. PRODUCTION OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCIC SERUM 522 



Immunization of the horse: selection of horses; selection 

 and standardization of the immunizing antigen; injec- 

 tions; bleedings. The production of therapeutic serum: 

 reasons for and against the use of unconcentrated serum ; 



